Giovanni Antonio Guadagni

Education and priesthood

Giovanni Antonio Guadagni was born in 1674 to a noble house in the Medici-ruled Florence as the second of four children to Donato Maria Guadagni (1641-1718) and Maddalena Corsini (???-1679); his maternal uncle was Pope Clement XII. On the maternal side he was related to Saint Andrea Corsini.^[2] His siblings were in order:

• Tommaso (1668-???)
• Neri Andrea (1673-1748)
• Elisabetta

His father married twice more after Maddalena died to Maria Maddalena Niccolini (d. 1683) and Maria Alamanni with whom he had four children.

He received his doctorate in civil and canon law from the Pisan college on 3 May 1696. Guadagni later travelled to Rome to practice law but upon his return to Florence in 1697 after decided to become a priest. He entered the Order of Discalced Carmelites in Arezzo (against the wishes of his parents) and assumed the religious name "Giovanni Antonio di San Bernardo" at the convent in Arezzo around 1669.^[1] He made his solemn profession of vows on 1 November 1700 and would undergo theological and philosophical studies in Florence at convents that the order managed. He was ordained to the priesthood on 11 March 1702 in Florence.

Episcopate

Guadagni was later named as the master of the novices and then as the provincial father for his order. It was at the request of the Grand Duke that he was promoted to the episcopate. Pope Benedict XIII appointed him as the Bishop of Arezzo on 20 December 1724 and he received his episcopal consecration a week later in the Santa Maria della Scala church from his uncle and future pope Lorenzo Corsini. But he first had to receive a special dispensation of his Carmelite vow not to accept ecclesial dignities in order to assume the ecclesial office. Guadagni was enthroned in his new see on 9 March 1725.^[1][2] In 1730 he affirmed opposition and his diocese's opposition to Jansenism heresies.

His uncle's election as pope saw the latter grant the pallium - which was meant for metropolitan archbishops (which he was not) - to Guadagni in the chapel of the Quirinal Palace on 22 November 1730. His role in his uncle's pontificate was to pursue the pope's pastoral and spiritual plan in his role as a cardinal-nephew.

Cardinalate

Pope Clement XII raised him to the cardinalate on 24 September 1731 as the Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti and he accepted in obedience to the pope. Guadagni arrived in Rome from Arezzo on 7 November and then entered though Porta Pia on 11 November before receiving the red hat on 22 November and his titular church on 17 December. Guadagni was enthroned in his church on 30 December at a solemn Mass.^[1] He was appointed to several important congregations in the Roman Curia and held posts in the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars and the Congregation for Rites amongst others. In 1732 he assumed the duties as the Vicar General of Rome after having resigned from his see in Arezzo. Guadagni was later appointed as the Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati in 1750 and also became the Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals. On 10 April 1750 (two months after being made the Frascati titular head) he entered the Frascati suburbicarian see to commence a pastoral visit and oversaw the restoration of several churches while presiding over Confirmations and other Masses as well as leading rosaries. He later became the Cardinal-Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1756.^[1][2]

He participated in the conclave in 1740 that elected Pope Benedict XIV and also participated in the conclave in 1758 that elected Pope Clement XIII.^[1] Guadagni served as the camerlengo from 1743 until 1756.

Death

He died in Rome in 1759 and was buried at the left side of the main altar in Santa Maria della Scala in the tomb that he had constructed for himself.^[1] He also composed the inscription that was placed on the tomb. He became reputed for his holiness and was said to have been buried with the odor of saintliness.^[2]