Giản Định Đế

Giản Định Emperor (Vietnamese: Giản Định Đế, Hán tự: 簡定帝, ?–1410), real name Trần Ngỗi (陳頠), was the founding emperor of Later Trần dynasty.

Giản Định was the second son of Trần Nghệ Tông, was given the title Giản Định vương (簡定王, "Prince Giản Định"). Ming China conquested Vietnam in 1407, he fled to Mô Độ (mordern Yên Mô District, Ninh Bình Province) and revolted against China in September 1408. At first he was defeated by Chinese army, later, he was supported by two Vietnamese generals, Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân, and occupied Nghệ An Province successfully. Giản Định decided to attack Đông Đô (mordern Hanoi) but was opposed by Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân. Giản Định soon had both Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân arrested and killed, causing a dissension in his army and revolt. Đặng Dung and Nguyễn Cảnh Dị, both are sons of Đặng Tất and Nguyễn Cảnh Chân respectively, installed Trần Quý Khoáng (Trùng Quang Đế) as the new emperor in Chi La (mordern Đức Thọ District, Hà Tĩnh Province).

Giản Định was arrested by Trùng Quang in 1409, and was granted the title thái thượng hoàng ("Retired Emperor"). He was sent to Hạ Hồng (mordern Ninh Giang District, Hải Dương Province) to attack Chinese army, but was defeated by Zhang Fu and fled to Diễn Châu. Consequently, the Chinese took him captive and transferred him to Nanjing. He was beheaded there around 1410.

References

• Trần Trọng Kim (2005). Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City: Ho Chi Minh City General Publishing House.