Gheorghe Marinescu

Gheorghe Marinescu
Gheorghe Marinescu on a 1962 Romanian post stamp
Born 28 February 1863
Bucharest, United Principalities
Died 15 May 1938 (1938-05-16) (aged 75)
Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania
Nationality Romania
Other names George/Georges Marinesco
Alma mater Bucharest University
Known for Romanian School of Neurology
Scientific career
Fields Neurology

Gheorghe Marinescu (Romanian: [ˈɡe̯orɡe mariˈnesku]; 28 February 1863 – 15 May 1938) was a Romanian neurologist, founder of the Romanian School of Neurology.

History

After the attendance of Medicine at the Bucharest University, Marinescu received most of his medical education as preparator at the laboratory of histology at the Brâncoveanu Hospital and as assistant at the Bacteriological Institute under Victor Babeş, who had already published several works on myelitis transversa, hysterical muteness, and dilatation of the pupil in pneumonia.

Career

After qualification, and on the recommendation of Babeş, the government awarded him a grant in Paris to undertake postgraduate training in neurology under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salpêtrière Hospital, where he met Pierre Marie, Joseph Babinski and Fulgence Raymond. Later, he worked with Carl Weigert in Frankfurt a.M. and then with Emil du Bois-Reymond in Berlin. On the assignment of Pierre Marie, he lectured on the pathological anatomy of acromegaly at the Berlin International Congress in 1890.

After nine years abroad, Marinescu returned, in 1897, to Bucharest, where he received his doctorateand began a new professorial department at Pantelimon Hospital which had been created for him. Shortly thereafter, in 1897, a chair of Clinical Neurology was created at the University of Bucharest, in Colentina Hospital. He remained in this post for the next 41 years and is regarded as the founder of the Romanian School of Neurology. He was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 1905.[1]

Between July 1898 and 1901, the Marinescu made the first science films in the world in his clinic in Bucharest:[2] The walking troubles of organic hemiplegy (1898), The walking troubles of organic paraplegies (1899), A case of hysteric hemiplegy healed through hypnosis (1899), The walking troubles of progressive locomotion ataxy (1900) and Illnesses of the muscles (1901). All these short subjects have been preserved. The professor called his works "studies with the help of the cinematograph", and published the results, along with several consecutive frames, in issues of La Semaine Médicale magazine from Paris, between 1899 and 1902.[3] In 1924, Auguste Lumiere recognized the priority of professor Marinescu concerning the first science films: "I've seen your scientific reports about the usage of cinematograph in studies of nervous illnesses, when I was still receiving La Semaine Médicale, but back then I had other concerns, which left me no spare time to begin biological studies. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me. Unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way."[4]

Legacy

Flyleaf of La Cellule Nerveuse by G. Marinesco (1909)

Marinescu maintained close academic links with his Parisian colleagues and many of his articles, which exceeded 250 in number and were published in the French language. He had a wide range of research interests, including pathological anatomy and experimental neuropathology. Daily contact with scores of the infirm and his astuteness made him put use every one of the latest methods as they became available: the roentgen ray, with which he investigated bone changes in acromegaly, the film camera, for the study of body movements in health and disease. The results of these studies appeared in the monography Le Tonus des Muscles striés (1937) with Nicolae Ionescu-Siseşti, Oskar Sager and Arthur Kreindler, with a preface by Sir Charles Sherrington.

Early in his career, he published a much needed atlas on the pathological histology of the nervous system with the bacteriologist Victor Babeş and the French pathologist Paul Oscar Blocq. His description with Blocq, of a case of Parkinsonian tremor due to tumour in the substantia nigra in 1893, was the basis for Édouard Brissaud's theory that Parkinsonism occurs as a consequence of damage to the substantia nigra. With Paul Blocq he was the first to describe senile plaques and with Romanian neurologist Ion Minea confirmed in 1913 Hideyo Noguchi's discovery of Treponema pallidum in the brain in patients with general paresis. His monumental work La Cellule Nerveuse, with a preface by Santiago Ramon y Cajal, appeared in 1909.

Gheorghe Marinescu was an eminent teacher. In his lectures he emphasised ideas and gave perspective for further investigations. Recognition in the form of honours came to him from many countries. It was he above all others who was chosen to represent the students of Charcot when the centenary of the great master was celebrated in 1925.

Associated eponyms

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ (in Romanian) Membrii Academiei Române din 1866 până în prezent at the Romanian Academy site
  2. ↑ Mircea Dumitrescu, O privire critică asupra filmului românesc, Brașov, 2005, ISBN 973-9153-93-3
  3. ↑ Rîpeanu, Bujor T. Filmul documentar 1897–1948, Bucharest, 2008, ISBN 978-973-7839-40-4
  4. ↑ Ţuţui, Marian, A short history of the Romanian films Archived April 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. at the Romanian National Cinematographic Center.

References

  • Buda O.; Arsene D.; Ceausu M.; Dermengiu D.; Curca G. C. (Jan 2009). "Georges Marinesco and the early research in neuropathology". Neurology. United States. 72 (1): 88–91. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000338626.93425.74. PMID 19122036.
  • Merlini, Luciano (Feb 2008). "Marinesco–Sjogren syndrome, fanfare, and more". Neuromuscul. Disord. England. 18 (2): 185–8. doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2007.11.007. ISSN 0960-8966. PMID 18207737.
  • Chudley, A. E. (Oct 2003). "Genetic landmarks through philately: Georges Marinesco (1863–1938)". Clin. Genet. Denmark. 64 (4): 297–9. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.00158.x. ISSN 0009-9163. PMID 12974734.
  • Ionita, Catalina; Fine, Edward J. (Jun 2003). "A Romanian neurologist and neurophysiologist". Journal of the history of the neurosciences. Netherlands. 12 (2): 206, 221–2. doi:10.1076/jhin.12.2.206.15536. ISSN 0964-704X. PMID 12953622.
  • Kupriianov, V. V.; Groza, B. A. (November 1964). "Gheorghe Marinesco (on the Centenary of His Birth)". Arkhiv anatomii, gistologii i émbriologii. Russia. 47: 99–101. ISSN 0004-1947. PMID 14312419.
  • Petresco, A. (1964). "Gheorghe Marinesco (1863–1938), Champion of Histochemistry of the Nervous System (on the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of His Birth, 1963)". Annales d'histochimie. France. 9: 145–53. ISSN 0003-4355. PMID 14183069.
  • Shpilmann, I. (1964). "George Marinesco and Russian Sciences". Sovetskoe zdravookhranenie / Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniia SSSR. Russia. 23: 63–6. ISSN 0038-5239. PMID 14162255.
  • POTEMKINA, M (Sep 1963). "George Marinesco (1863–1938)". Zdravookhranenie Belorussii. Belorussia. 85: 89–90. ISSN 0044-1961. PMID 14091244.
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