George Holden (politician)
George Kenyon Holden MLC | |
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Member of Legislative Council of New South Wales | |
In office 11 July 1843 – 20 June 1848 | |
Personal details | |
Born |
Worcester, England | 2 June 1808
Died |
16 April 1874 65) Darlinghurst, Sydney | (aged
Citizenship |
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Spouse(s) | Mary Jane (née Watt) |
Relatives | Street family |
Known for | Early advocacy of proportional representation |
George Kenyon Holden, MLC (1808 – 16 April 1874) was an English-born Australian politician and businessman who was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1843, best known for being one of the first politicians in the world to advocate the adoption of a proportional representation.
A friend and correspondent of John Stuart Mill, Holden was inspired by Mill to advocate a proportional representation electoral system using the Hare quota, as had been recommended by Mill in their letters. He made the proposal to the his parliamentary colleagues in 1861.[1]
Early life
He was born in Worcester, England to Adam Holden and Maria Gillam. He studied law and became a solicitor, migrating to New South Wales in 1831. He was private secretary to Governor Sir Richard Bourke during his term (1831–37), and was also a stipendiary magistrate at Campbelltown. In 1837 he became Crown Prosecutor in the Quarter Sessions, and in 1838 he began private practice as a solicitor.
Political career
He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1856 to 1861 and from 1861 to 1863. An active member of parliament, Holden was Secretary of the Law Commission between 1848 and 1850; President of the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts; Trustee of the New South Wales Savings Bank; and Director of the Liverpool and London Fire and Life Insurance Company, among other commitments.[2]
In 1849, Holden was appointed to the Board of National Education, remaining until 1867 when it was replaced by the Council of Education. During his tenure, Holden also served as the Chairman of the National Schools Board until 1865. His interest in education, as with land title reform, was likely rooted in his time as Governor Bourke's private secretary, as Bourke had been an advocate of public education in New South Wales.[3]
Environmentalism
In 1861, he was a founding member of the Acclimatisation Society of New South Wales. The Society's aim was the introduction, acclimatisation and domestication of 'useful or ornamental' birds, fish, insects, vegetables and other exotic species. Among other species discussed and introduced by the Society during the 1860s were alpacas, sunflowers, watercress and pheasants. The society was also active in importing Australian species into New South Wales and Sydney, including Murray cod in 1864. During this period, the Acclimatisation Society also erected a number of cages in the Sydney Botanic Gardens in which they kept a collection of introduced birds such as pheasants, blackbirds and thrushes, which acted as part storage aviary and part exotic zoo.[4]
Family
His daughter Mary Jane married another New South Wales politician and businessman, John Brown Watt; their third son was Ernest Alexander Stuart Watt (1874-1954), whose daughter Susan Gai Watt married into the Street dynasty by wedding Sir Laurence Whistler Street. Holden died at Darlinghurst in 1874.[5]
References
- ↑ http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/holden-george-kenyon-3781
- ↑ http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/holden-george-kenyon-3781
- ↑ https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/holden_george_kenyon
- ↑ E Wilson, The Wishing Tree: A Guide to Memorial Trees, Statues and Fountains in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Domain and Centennial Park, Sydney, Kangaroo Press, Sydney, 1992, p 30
- ↑ Parliament of New South Wales (2008). "Mr George Kenyon Holden (1808-1874)". Former Members. Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2015.