George Brownlee

George Brownlee
Born George Gow Brownlee
(1942-01-13) 13 January 1942[1]
Alma mater University of Cambridge (MA, PhD)
Spouse(s)
Margaret Susan Kemp (m. 1966)
[1]
Awards
Scientific career
Fields Pathology
Institutions
Thesis Nucleotide sequences in the low molecular weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli (1967)
Doctoral advisor Frederick Sanger[5][6]
Doctoral students Greg Winter[7]
Website linc.ox.ac.uk/Fellows/GeorgeBrownlee

Professor George Gow Brownlee FRS FMedSci is a British pathologist and Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford.[8][9][10][11][12]

Education

Brownlee was educated at Dulwich College[1] and Emmanuel College, Cambridge where he studied Natural Sciences and was awarded a Master of Arts degree followed by PhD in 1967 for research on nucleotides supervised by Fred Sanger.[8][13]

Career and Research

Brownlee was Professor of Chemical Pathology at Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, from 1978 to 2008.

Brownlee cloned and expressed human clotting factor IX,[14][15] providing a recombinant source of this protein for Haemophilia B patients who had previously relied on the hazardous blood-derived product.

With Merlin Crossley he helped discover the two sets of genetic mutations that were preventing two key proteins from attaching to the DNA of people with a rare and unusual form of Haemophilia B – Haemophilia B Leyden – where sufferers experience episodes of excessive bleeding in childhood but have few bleeding problems after puberty. This lack of protein attachment to the DNA was thereby turning off the gene that produces clotting factor IX, which prevents excessive bleeding.[16]

With Peter Palese and co-workers he developed the first reverse genetics system for influenza virus, markedly speeding up the process of developing influenza vaccines.[17]

Brownlee authored a biography of Fred Sanger published in 2014.[18][19]

Awards and honours

Brownlee was awarded The Colworth Medal by the Biochemical Society in 1976[2] and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1987.[1] His certificate of election and candidature reads:

Brownlee was also elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci)]] in 1998[1][4] and an EMBO Member in 1979.[20]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 BROWNLEE, Prof. George Gow. ukwhoswho.com. Who's Who. 2015 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (subscription required)
  2. 1 2 Brownlee, G. G. (1979). "The Fourteenth Colworth Medal Lecture Sequencing eukaryotic genes or the anatomy of DNA". Biochemical Society Transactions. 7 (2): 279–96. doi:10.1042/bst0070279. PMID 570938.
  3. 1 2 "Certificate of Election and Candidature: EC/1987/02 – George Gow Brownlee". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  4. 1 2 "Professor George Brownlee FRS FMedSci: Emeritus Professor of Chemical Pathology". London: Academy of Medical Sciences. Archived from the original on 2015-08-27.
  5. ↑ Brownlee, George G. (2015). "Frederick Sanger CBE CH OM. 13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society publishing. 61: 437–466. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2015.0013. ISSN 0080-4606.
  6. ↑ "Oral History: Fred Sanger on George Brownlee". Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2015-05-15.
  7. ↑ "Greg Winter, PhD". academictree.org. Archived from the original on 2015-12-30.
  8. 1 2 "Professor George Brownlee, Lincoln College, Oxford". University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 2013-12-17.
  9. ↑ George Brownlee's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  10. ↑ Rao, Z.; Handford, P.; Mayhew, M.; Knott, V.; Brownlee, G. G.; Stuart, D. (1995). "The structure of a Ca(2+)-binding epidermal growth factor-like domain: Its role in protein-protein interactions". Cell. 82 (1): 131–141. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90059-4. PMID 7606779.
  11. ↑ Caton, A. J.; Brownlee, G. G.; Yewdell, J. W.; Gerhard, W. (1982). "The antigenic structure of the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (H1 subtype)". Cell. 31 (2 Pt 1): 417–427. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90135-0. PMID 6186384.
  12. ↑ Proudfoot, N. J.; Brownlee, G. G. (1976). "3′ Non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA". Nature. 263 (5574): 211–214. doi:10.1038/263211a0. PMID 822353.
  13. ↑ Brownlee, George Gow (1967). Nucleotide sequences in the low molecular weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
  14. ↑ Choo, K. H.; Gould, K. G.; Rees, D. J. G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1982). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human anti-haemophilic factor IX". Nature. 299 (5879): 178–180. doi:10.1038/299178a0. PMID 6287289.
  15. ↑ Anson, D. S.; Austen, D. E. G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1985). "Expression of active human clotting factor IX from recombinant DNA clones in mammalian cells". Nature. 315 (6021): 683–685. doi:10.1038/315683a0. PMID 2989700.
  16. ↑ Crossley, M; Brownlee, G. G. (1990). "Disruption of a C/EBP binding site in the factor IX promoter is associated with haemophilia B". Nature. 345 (6274): 444–6. doi:10.1038/345444a0. PMID 2342576.
  17. ↑ Fodor, E.; Devenish, L.; Engelhardt, O. G.; Palese, P.; Brownlee, G. G.; García-Sastre, A. (1 November 1999). "Rescue of influenza A virus from recombinant DNA". Journal of Virology. 73 (11): 9679–9682. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 113010. PMID 10516084.
  18. ↑ "Fred Sanger, Double Nobel Laureate: A Biography". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2014-08-22. ISBN 1107083346
  19. ↑ "Biography celebrates life of Fred Sanger". St. Johns College, Cambridge.
  20. ↑ "EMBO Profile: George G. Brownlee". people.embo.org. Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization.
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