Frederick Philipse II

Frederick Philipse II
2nd Lord of Philipsburg Manor
In office
1749–1751
Preceded by Adolphus Philipse (Acting)
Succeeded by Frederick Philipse III
Personal details
Born c. 1698
Barbados
Died July 26, 1751
Province of New York, British America
Spouse(s)
Johanna Brockholst
(m. 1726; his death 1751)
Children 10, including Frederick III
Parents Philip Philipse
Maria Sparkes Philipse
Relatives Frederick Philipse (grandfather)
Adolphus Philipse (uncle)
Occupation Landowner, merchant

Frederick Philipse II (c. 1698 – July 26, 1751), was a colonial American merchant, landowner, and politician who represented Westchester County in the New York Assembly from 1724 to 1751. Philipse, the only son of Maria Sparkes, daughter of the Governor of Barbados, and Philip Philipse (who predeceased Frederick II), eldest son of Frederick Philipse I, 1st Lord of the Philipsburg Manor, became the 2nd Lord of Philipsburg Manor upon the death of his uncle Adolphus Philipse, Frederick inherited his share of Philipse lands and commercial interests, thereafter becoming the elder Philipse male.

Frederick II lived until 1751, at which point his eldest son, Frederick III, became the 3rd and final Lord of Philipsburg Manor following the colonies independence from England.

Early life

Map of Philipsburg Manor with current borders overlaid on the property
Map of Philipse Patent (showing the Oblong and Gore)

Philipse' was born at Spring Head, the estate of his father in Barbados, c. 1698.[1] He was the only son of his parents, Philip Philipse (1663–1699), and Maria (née Sparkes) Philipse, who both died in Barbados shortly after his birth in 1698 (on September 14 and October 18, respectively).[lower-alpha 1] Following their deaths, young Frederick went to New York to live with his grandfather, who immediately sold the Barbados estate to ensure that young Frederick would not be induced later to settle there, which reportedly greatly upset his mother's relatives.[3]

His mother was the youngest of the four daughters of Joyce (née Farmer) Sparkes and Sparkes, Esq., who was reportedly a governor of Barbados.[4][lower-alpha 2] Two of his maternal aunts had returned to their father's estate in Worcestershire, England, and the others accompanied their parents to the Barbados.[1] When his paternal grandfather died on November 6, 1702, Frederick was thereafter raised by his grandfather's second wife, Catharine (née Van Cortlandt) Philipse, the daughter of New York mayor Stephanus Van Cortlandt, who took him to England to be educated. His grandmother and the elder Frederick's first wife was Margaret Hardenbroeck Philipse, who predeceased his grandfather. While in England, young Philipse studied law, and upon reaching his majority, inherited a large part of the Philipse estate and became the 2nd Lord of Philipsburg.[7]

Upon the death of his bachelor uncle Adolphus Philipse, Frederick II inherited Adolphus' share of Philipse lands and commercial interests received from Frederick I, as well as the upper Highland patent of Philipstown that Adolphus had been granted by the Crown for lands purchased north of Westchester County between the Hudson River and the Connecticut Colony.[7]

Career

Philipse II served as a Justice of the Peace, an Alderman and was repeatedly elected as Representative for the County of Westchester in the New York Assembly for the last twenty-seven years of his life until 1751, serving as Speaker of the Assembly between 1721 and 1728.[3] In the assembly, he served alongside Robert Livingston, the 3rd Lord of Livingston Manor, who represented Livingston Manor from 1737 to 1790.[1]

He was appointed Third Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature in 1731. He took office as Second Justice in 1733, a position that he held until his death in 1751.[1]

On April 6, 1733, Philipse II, as a committee member, helped to lay out the original Bowling Green in lower Manhattan. Later that year, he became one of the lessee's in charge of Bowling Green at the cost of one peppercorn per year.[8]

Justice Philipse was a member of the majority that found in favor of Governor William Cosby in Cosby v. Van Dam, the 1733 case that precipitated the political crises that led to the Zenger trial. As Second Justice, Philipse participated in the New York Slave Conspiracy trials of 1741 which, based upon questionable testimony, resulted in death sentences for thirty-four defendants and the deportation of ninety-one others away from the colony.[8]

Personal life

Philipse Manor Hall, the Lower Mills manor house

In 1726, Philipse was married to Johanna Brockholst (1700–1765), youngest daughter of Anthony Brockholst, Esq., the 4th Governor of New York after its became part of Great Britain, and Susanna Maria, the daughter of Paulus Aemilius Schrect, of the Pompton Estate, in New Jersey, who had emigrated from West Friesland in Holland. Together, they were the parents of ten children, nine of their ten children were baptized in the Dutch Church in New York,[lower-alpha 3] including:[3]

  • Frederick Philipse (1720–1785), who married Elizabeth (née Williams) Rutgers in 1764.
  • Susanna Philipse (b. 1723), who died young.
  • Philip Philipse (1724–1768), who died young.
  • Maria Philipse (1726–1726), who died in infancy.
  • Susanna Philipse (1727–1822), who married Col. Beverley Robinson (1721–1792), commander of the Loyal American Regiment, a regiment during the Revolution.[9]
  • Mary Philipse (1730–1825),[10] nicknamed Charming Polly,[11] who married Col. Roger Morris (1727–1794) in 1758.[12]
  • Margarita Philipse (b. 1733), who died young.
  • Anthony Philipse (b. 1735), who died young.
  • Joanna Philipse (b. 1739), who died young.
  • Adolphus Philipse (b. 1742), who died young.

Philipse died of consumption in New York on July 26, 1751; and was buried in the family vault in the Dutch Church at Sleepy Hollow, near Tarrytown.[3] In his will, he left Philipsbourg and most of his houses in New York (that were bequeathed to him by his grandfather) to his son Frederick. If his son Frederick did not marry, the his son Philip would inherit, and if neither them married or had only daughters, then the properties were to go to his own daughters, Susanna Philipse Robinson, and Mary Philipse Morris.[1] His widow was killed by a fall from her carriage, on the Highland estate, in 1765.[1]

Legacy

Philipse was the founder of St. John's Church in Yonkers.[1]

Upon his death Philipsburg Manor was bequeathed to his son, who became Frederick Philipse III, the 3rd Lord of Philipsburg Manor. The Highland Patent was divided (in equal portions) among Frederick's other surviving offspring, Philip, Mary, and Susanna Philipse.[13] Later known as the Philipse Patent, the roughly 250 square mile parcel became today's Putnam County, New York.[14][15]

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Conflicting dates are given for death of his father Philip Philipse: 1700, and 1689, both accounts indicating his wife died at the same time. Their death notices, signed by the rector of nearby St. James Church, list cause of death as "belly ake", aka dysentery, a frequent cause of death during that time period on the island.[2]
  2. ↑ His is often referred to as the Governor of Barbados, however, it is more likely that he was a senior government official under Sir Jonathan Atkins,[5] or John Farmer, the acting Governor of Barbados from 1701–1703.[6]
  3. ↑ Their daughter Mary's baptism does not appear here, if the published date of her birth, July 5, 1730, is correct.[7]
Sources
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Morris, F. O. (1856). The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. 10. New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 25–28. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  2. ↑ "Frederick PHILIPSE b. 1698 "Spring Head," Barbados: Frost, Gilchrist and Related Families". frostandgilchrist.com. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, International Genealogical Index. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Purple, Edwin Ruthven; Purple, Samuel Smith (1881). Contributions To The History Of Ancient Families Of New Amsterdam and New York: Varleth-Varlet-Varleet-Verlet-Verleth. New York: The New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. pp. 119–124. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  4. ↑ Burke, John (1838). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry; Or, Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Etc. Henry Colburn. p. 491. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  5. ↑ Beasley, Nicholas M. (2010). Christian Ritual and the Creation of British Slave Societies, 1650-1780. University of Georgia Press. p. 29. ISBN 9780820336053. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  6. ↑ Frere, George (1768). A Short History of Barbados, from Its First Discovery and Settlement: To the End of the Year 1767. J. Dodsley. p. 122. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 Purple, Edwin R., "Contributions to the History of the Ancient Families of New York: Varleth-Varlet-Varleet-Verlet-Verleth," New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, vol. 9 (1878), pp. 119-124.
  8. 1 2 "Philipse Manor Hall History". philipsemanorhall.blogspot.com. Philipse Manor Hall State Historic Site. 2009. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  9. ↑ "Susannah Philipse (?)". nyhistory.org. New-York Historical Society. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  10. ↑ Women of the American Revolution: Mary Philipse
  11. ↑ Simmons, Richard C. (1965). "Mrs. Morris and the Philipse Family, American Loyalists". Winterthur Portfolio. 2: 14–26. JSTOR 1180449.
  12. ↑ Shelton, W H. The Jumel Mansion: Being a Full History of the House on Harlem Heights Built by Roger Morris Before the Revolution. Together with Some Account of Its More Notable Occupants. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1916.
  13. ↑ French's Gazetteer of the State of New York (1860): "The Philipses Patent… divided among the remaining three [children] Philip… Susannah married to Beverly Robinson, and Mary married to Col. Roger Morris. On the 7th of Feb 1754, the patent was divided into 9 lots: 3, each 4 mi. square, bordering upon the Hudson and denominated ‘water lots;’ 3, each 4 mi. wide by 12 long, extending N. and S. across the patent, and denominated ‘long lots;’ 3, each 4 mi. square, upon the E. border denominated ‘back lots.’ Philip, Susannah and Mary Philipse each owned one of each kind of lots.
  14. ↑ Pelletreau, William S., History of Putnam County, New York. Philadelphia, 1886.
  15. ↑ Eberlein, Harold D., and Cortlandt V. Hubbard. Historic Houses of the Hudson Valley. New York, 1942.
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