Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden

Frederick I
Grand Duke of Baden
Reign 22 January 1858 – 28 September 1907
Predecessor Louis II
Successor Frederick II
Born (1826-09-09)9 September 1826
Karlsruhe
Died 28 September 1907(1907-09-28) (aged 81)
Mainau
Spouse
Issue
Detail		 Frederick II
Victoria, Queen of Sweden
Prince Louis
Full name
Frederick William Louis
House Zähringen
Father Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
Mother Sophie of Sweden
Religion Lutheranism

Frederick I (Frederick Wilhelm Ludwig) (9 September 1826 – 28 September 1907) was the sovereign Grand Duke of Baden reigning from 1856 to 1907.

Life

Frederick was born in Karlsruhe on 9 September 1826. He was the third son of Grand Duke Leopold (1790–1852) and of his wife, Grand Duchess Sophie (1801–1865), who was born Princess of Sweden, daughter of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden.

He became the heir presumptive to the Grand Duchy upon the death of his father in 1852[1] and the accession of his brother as Grand Duke Louis II. Due to his brother's mental ill-health, he was regent ad interim of Baden in 1852–1855, and took the title of Grand Duke in 1856. His brother, Louis II, died in 1858. He was considered a relatively liberal supporter of a constitutional monarchy. During his reign the option of civil marriages was introduced in Baden as well as direct elections to the Lower House of the Parliament of Baden in 1904.[2]

In 1856, he married Princess Louise, daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and his wife, Augusta of Saxe-Weimar.[2] The couple had three children.

The Grand Duke had a pivotal role in the history of the Zionist Movement. In 1896 the Grand Duke met Theodor Herzl (the founder of political Zionism) via their mutual acquaintance the reverend William Hechler, and helped Herzl in obtaining an audience with his nephew, the German Emperor. After some persuasion on the part of the Grand Duke, the Emperor accepted the appeal for an audience. It took place in Palestine on 2 November 1898, during the Kaiser's visit to inaugurate the Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem.

Frederick I was present at the proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles in 1871,[2] as he was the only son-in-law of the Emperor and one of the reigning sovereigns of Germany. He died at his summer residence at the island of Mainau in southern Germany on 28 September 1907. Today, Mainau is owned by the Lennart Bernadotte Foundation, created by Frederick's great-grandson Count Lennart Bernadotte, (1909–2004).

Issue

NameBirthDeathNotes
Grand Duke Frederick II of Baden9 July 18579 August 1928Married Princess Hilda of Luxembourg, no issue.
Queen Victoria of Sweden7 August 18624 April 1930Married King Gustav V of Sweden, had issue.
Prince Louis of Baden12 June 186523 February 1888Died unmarried, no issue.

Styles

  • 9 September 1826 - 24 April 1852: His Grand Ducal Highness Prince Frederick of Baden
  • 24 April 1852 - 22 January 1858: His Grand Ducal Highness The Prince Regent of Baden
  • 22 January 1858 - 28 September 1907: His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Baden

Honours

Ancestry

References

  1. ↑ The Statesman's year-book. Palgrave. Harvard University. 1868. pp. 201–202. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 Engehausen, Frank (2012). "Herrscher im liberalen Musterland" [Ruler in a Liberal Model Country]. Damals (in German). Vol. 44 no. 7. pp. 64–69.
  3. ↑ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha 1907 (1907) page 13
  5. ↑ Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer, Volume 1 /Ferdinand Veldekens
  6. ↑ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 463. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
  7. ↑ "Toison Espagnole (Spanish Fleece) - 19th century" (in French), Chevaliers de la Toison D'or. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  8. ↑ "The London Gazette, Issue: 27959 Page: 7015". The London Gazette. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
Born: 9 September 1826 Died: 28 September 1907
German royalty
Preceded by
Louis II		 Grand Duke of Baden
1856–1907		 Succeeded by
Frederick II
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