Four Perils
The Four Perils (Chinese: 四凶; pinyin: Sì Xiōng) are four malevolent beings that existed in Chinese mythology, and the antagonistic counterparts of the Four Benevolent Animals.
Book of Documents
In the Book of Documents, they are defined as the "Four Evildoers" (Chinese: 四罪; pinyin: Sì Zuì)[1]:
- Gonggong (Chinese: 共工; pinyin: Gònggōng), the disastrous god;
- Huandou (Chinese: 驩兜; pinyin: Huāndōu), a chimeric minister from the south who conspired with Gonggong against Emperor Yao [2]
- Gun (Chinese: 鲧; pinyin: Gǔn), father of Yu the Great whose poorly-built dam released a destructive flood;
- Sanmiao (Chinese: 三苗; pinyin: Sān Miáo), the tribes that attacked Yao the Great's tribe.
Zuo Zhuan and Shanhaijing
In the Zuo Zhuan and the Shanhaijing, they are defined as:
- the Hundun (Chinese: 混沌; pinyin: Hùndùn), a yellow winged creature of chaos with six legs and no face;
- the Qiongqi (Chinese: 窮奇; pinyin: Qióngqí), a monstrous creature that eats people;
- the Taowu (Chinese: 檮杌; pinyin: Táowù), a reckless, stubborn creature;
- the Taotie (Chinese: 饕餮; pinyin: Tāotiè), a gluttonous beast.
See also
References
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