Founder takes all

In this GIF, the different colours represent different genotypes in a metapopulation. Following a disturbance that destroys some of the populations, the first lineages to move into the disturbed area are able to establish and multiply to monopolize space. Later-arriving lineages can be 'blocked' by the newly established populations.

The founder takes all (FTA) hypothesis refers to the evolutionary advantages conferred to first-arriving lineages in an ecosystem.[1]

The FTA model is underpinned by demographic and ecological phenomena and processes such as the Allee effect, ‘gene surfing’,[2] ‘high-density blocking’[3] and ‘priority effects’[4]—whereby early-colonising lineages can reach high densities and thus hinder the success of late-arriving colonisers—which have been suggested to strongly influence spatial biodiversity patterns.

Scientific evidence for FTA processes has emerged from a variety of evolutionary, biogeographic and ecological research areas, with examples including the sectoring patterns sometimes evident in microbial colonies;[5] phylogeographic sectoring of lineages inferred to have rapidly expanded into new terrain following deglaciation;[6][7] the island ‘progression rule’;[8] and sudden biological replacement (lineage turnover) following extirpation.[9]

One possible scientific consequence of FTA dynamics is that measures of gene flow based on genetics of contemporary high-density populations may underestimate actual rates of dispersal and invasion potential.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Waters JM, Fraser CI, Hewitt GM (2013). "Founder takes all: density-dependent processes structure biodiversity". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28: 78–85.
  2. ↑ Excoffier, L. and Ray, N. (2008). "Surfing during population expansions promotes genetic revolutions and structuration". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 23: 347–351.
  3. ↑ Ibrahim, K.M. et al. (1996). "Spatial patterns of genetic variation generated by different forms of dispersal during range expansion". Heredity. 77: 282–291.
  4. ↑ De Meester L, Gomez A, Okamura B, Schwenk K (2002). "The Monopolization Hypothesis and the dispersal-gene flow paradox in aquatic organisms". Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology. 23: 121–135.
  5. ↑ Hallatschek, O. et al. (2007). "Genetic drift at expanding frontiers promotes gene segregation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104: 19926–19930.
  6. ↑ Hewitt, G. (2000). "The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages". Nature. 405: 907–913.
  7. ↑ Fraser CI, Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2009). "Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106: 3249–3253.
  8. ↑ Shaw & Gillespie (2016). "Comparative phylogeography of oceanic archipelagos: hotspots for inferences of evolutionary processes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113: 7986.
  9. ↑ Collins CJ, Rawlence NJ, Prost S et al. (2014). "Extinction and recolonization of coastal megafauna following human arrival in New Zealand". Proceedings of the Royal Society. 281: 20140097.
  10. ↑ Fraser CI, Banks SC, Waters JM (2015). "Priority effects can lead to underestimation of dispersal and invasion potential". Biological Invasions. 17: 1–8.
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