Magill Youth Training Centre

Magill Youth Training Centre
Location in South Australia
Location 23 Glen Stuart Road, Woodforde, SA[1]
Coordinates 34°54′28″S 138°41′07″E / 34.907736°S 138.685236°E / -34.907736; 138.685236Coordinates: 34°54′28″S 138°41′07″E / 34.907736°S 138.685236°E / -34.907736; 138.685236
Status Closed
Opened 1869
Closed 2012

The Magill Youth Training Centre, also known as the Magill Training Centre, was the last iteration of a series of "youth care facilities" in Woodforde, South Australia. The centre came under criticism in the 2000s for "barbaric"[2] and "degrading"[3] conditions and was eventually replaced by a new 60-bed youth training centre at Cavan, South Australia.[4]

History of the site and South Australian reformatories

The site was established in 1869 as a residential state care facility and boys' reformatory called the Magill Industrial School, which was the first official State institution for children in South Australia.[5] In 1880 the site was used as a girls' reformatory and the boys were controversially moved to a moored ship off the coastline at Largs Bay, South Australia, called the Fitzjames.[6]

The Fitzjames was a wooden sailing ship built in 1852 which carried more than 1,800 immigrants from England to Australia.[7] After leaking badly in 1866 it was declared unseaworthy and condemned and left to rot on the Yarra River.[7] It was purchased by the South Australian Government in 1876 as a quarantine ship and used to temporarily house immigrants with infectious diseases.[7] Between 1880 and 1891 the hulk was used to house boys convicted of crimes or determined to be "uncontrollable".[7] Pumps were operated by the boys for up to three hours a day to expel water that was leaking into the hulk and keep it from sinking. Because of its poor conditions, the hulk became known as "Hell afloat".[8] A Royal Commission was ordered into the Destitute Board in 1883 which found the boys at Fitzjames in "pallid and dull appearance" and conditions described as "depressing" with "wearisome monotony of life", "gross improprieties" between younger children and older youths and officers, "deplorable" education standards and "defects in the dietary and want of open-air exercise".[7] The Way Commission tabled its report in State Parliament in 1885. The report recommended Fitzjames' immediate closure and relocation of the boys to a land-based facility. Six years later the boys were removed from the Fitzjames and moved back to the site of the Magill Industrial School.

In 1891 a new Girls' Reformatory was built in Edwardstown, South Australia,[9] and the Adelaide Boys' Reformatory was reopened at the site of the Magill Industrial School and continued there in various forms for over 100 years. In 1967 the site was established as the McNally Training Centre for boys aged 15–18 sentenced by Juvenile Court or being held on remand.[10] Younger boys aged 9–15 were sent to Brookway Park.[11] In 1979 the McNally Training Centre became the South Australian Youth Training Centre for youths aged between 15–18.[12] In 1993 the site became the Magill Youth Training Centre[13] to house boys aged 10–14, and the boys aged 15–18 were moved to a new purpose-built facility, the Cavan Training Centre.[14]

Criticisms and controversies

In addition to the criticisms of the Fizjames Reformatory Hulk in the Way Commission Report tabled in South Australian Parliament in 1885, the Adelaide Boys' Reformatory, South Australian Youth Training Centre, McNally Training Centre and Magill Youth Training Centre all received significant public criticism throughout their history. For example, in 1933 a former police superintendent described the then Adelaide Boys' Reformatory as "an institution for bad boys to make others bad."[15]

The South Australian Children's Welfare and Public Relief Board was aware of sexual abuse at the site in the late 1940s and early 1950s.[5]

In 1969, after 10 boys absconded from McNally Training Centre, the superintendent at the time advocated the reintroduction of caning and the Minister of Social Welfare approved the policy, despite objections of the acting director of Social Welfare who held that caning was "degrading" and "contrary to modern methods of treatment of offenders." Boys were placed in "the cabin" or "the dungeon", a solitary confinement cell, for up to 48 hours if they had absconded or were seen as potential absconders.[5] One boy aged 14 held in the centre in the early 1960s reported he was stripped naked and placed in solitary confinement for three days as a punishment for an attempted breakout.[5] By 1983 corporal punishment was prohibited again, although children could still be placed in detention for up to eight hours.[16]

A Commission of Inquiry was held into Children in State Care and Children on APY Lands led by the Hon EP Mullighan QC and tabled in South Australian Parliament in 2008. The commission heard from ten people held in the Magill Reformatory in 1950s and 1960s who were sexually abused or raped by staff and older boys.[5]

The physical conditions were described as "run down", "appalling", and "a very, very sad place", with cells two by three metres in size, and windows too high for small children to see out of.[2]

Calls for closure

After a tour of the site by Australia's Youth Representative to the United Nations Chris Varney, the Magill Detention Centre was described as "the worst of its kind" and a "living human rights abuse".[17] In 2009 more than 40 welfare groups and individuals including the Executive Director of the Youth Affairs Council of South Australia and Chief Executive Officer of Anglicare SA signed an open letter to the South Australian Premier calling for a closure of the site for its appalling conditions and contravention of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child.[18] The South Australian Guardian for Children described the centre as "barbaric", and "a blight on the state" and the Social Inclusion Commission described the conditions there as "deplorable".[2] Amidst these criticisms, the South Australian Minister for Families and Communities Jennifer Rankine described support available for young offenders as "second to none" and a spokesperson for Rankine stated that while "it's clear the Magill Youth Training Centre needs to be replaced in time" that the state budget "does not provide for that and there will be no change of heart".[2]

The site was closed in 2012 after the announcement of a new $67 million 60-bed facility to be constructed in Cavan to replace the Magill Youth Training Centre and Cavan Training Centre.[4]

References

  1. ↑ "Search results for 'Magill Reformatory School' and 'McNally Training Centre' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and Localities' and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. South Australian Government. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Haxton, Nance. "Calls for youth detention centre in South Australia to be demolished". ABC The World Today. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  3. ↑ Parnell, The Hon. M. "MAGILL YOUTH TRAINING FACILITY". The Parliament of South Australia. South Australian Hansard of Legislative Council (23rd September 2009). Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  4. 1 2 Rann, The Hon. M.D. "MAGILL YOUTH TRAINING CENTRE". The Parliament of South Australia. South Australian Hansard of House of Assembly (23rd September 2009). Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Mullighan,, E. P. (Edward Picton) (31 March 2008), Children in State Care Commission of Inquiry : allegations of sexual abuse and death from criminal conduct presented to the South Australian Parliament by the Hon. E.P. Mullighan QC, Commissioner, Children in State Care Commission of Enquiry (PDF), Adelaide, South Australia: Children in State Care Commission of Inquiry, ISBN 978-0-9805000-0-4, retrieved 27 January 2018
  6. ↑ "Boys' Reformatory Hulk, Fitzjames (1880–1891)". Find & Connect. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Fitzjames: SA's floating prison for wayward teens". Adelaide Now. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  8. ↑ "THE HULK 'FITZJAMES'". Adelaidia. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  9. ↑ "Girls' Reformatory, Edwardstown (1891–1898)". Find and Connect. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  10. ↑ "McNally Training Centre (1967–1979)". Find and Connect. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  11. ↑ "Brookway Park (1965–1978)". Find and Connect. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  12. ↑ "South Australian Youth Training Centre (1979–1993)". Find and Connect.
  13. ↑ "Magill Training Centre (1993–2012)". Find and Connect.
  14. ↑ "Cavan Training Centre (1993–2012)". Find and Connect.
  15. ↑ "The News, 'Magill Reformatory re condemnatory statements by Mr Duncan Fraser'". The News. 20 February 1933.
  16. ↑ Walsh, Dave. "Life in Magill Youth Training Centre". Weekend Notes. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  17. ↑ Emmerson, Russell (5 September 2009). "Magill training centre worst of its kind". Adelaide Now. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  18. ↑ "Open letter demands Magill closure". ABC Online. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
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