Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas
Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas سازمان چريکهای فدايی خلق ايران | |
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Abbreviation | OIPFG[1] |
Founded |
late 1963 initial activity[2] April 1971 as the unified organization[1] |
Dissolved | June 1980[3] |
Merger of | Jazani-Ẓarifi Group and Aḥmadzāda-Puyān-Meftāḥi Group[1] |
Succeeded by |
Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority) Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority) Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas |
Headquarters | Tehran, Iran |
Newspaper | Kar[3] |
Ideology | Marxism-Leninism |
Political position | Far-left[4] |
Colors | Red |
Anthem | Aftabkaran-e-Jangal (lit. Sunplanters of Jungle)[5] |
Party flag | |
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Participant in Black September, Iranian Revolution, Iran hostage crisis, Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution | |
Active |
1971–1976[6] 1977[7]–1980 |
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Groups | Urban team, rural team[2] |
Leaders |
Hamid Ashraf (KIA) Ashraf Dehghani (POW) |
Size | 3,000 (estimate)[4] |
Allies | |
Battles and wars | Siahkal incident |
The Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG; Persian: سازمان چريکهای فدايی خلق ايران, translit. Sāzmān-e čerikhā-ye Fadāʾi-e ḵalq-e Irān), simply known as Fadaiyan-e-Khalq (Persian: فداییان خلق, translit. Fadāʾiān-e ḵalq, lit. 'Popular Selfsacrificers')[7] was a Marxist-Leninist underground guerrilla organization in Iran.[1]
Ideology
Ideologically, the group pursued an Anti-imperialist agenda and embraced armed propaganda to justify its revolutionary armed struggle against Iran's monarchy system,[9] and believed in Materialism.[6] They rejected reformism, and were inspired by thoughts of Mao Zedong, Che Guevara, and Régis Debray.[3]
They criticized the National Front and the Liberation Movement as "Petite bourgeoisie paper organizations still preaching the false hope of peaceful change".[2] Fedai Guerrillas initially criticized the Soviet Union and the Tudeh Party as well, however they later abandoned the stance as a result of cooperation with the socialist camp.[3]
Bijan Jazani, known as the "intellectual father" of the organization, contributed to its ideology by writing a series of pamphlets such as "Struggle against the Shah's Dictatorship", "What a Revolutionary Must Know" and "How the Armed Struggle Will Be Transformed into a Mass Struggle?". The pamphlets were followed by Masoud Ahmadzadeh's treatise "Armed Struggle: Both a Strategy and a Tactic" and "The Necessity of Armed Struggle and the Rejection of the Theory of Survival" by Amir Parviz Pouyan.[2]
See also
- Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (1963–1980)
- Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (1979–present)
- Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority) (1980–present)
- Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (Minority) (1980–1987)
- Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas – Followers of the Identity Platform (1983–present)
- Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (1985–present)
- Fedaian Organisation (Minority) (1987–present)
References
- 1 2 3 4 Vahabzadeh, Peyman (28 March 2016) [7 December 2015]. "FADĀʾIĀN-E ḴALQ". In Yarshater, Ehsan. Encyclopædia Iranica. Bibliotheca Persica Press. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 483–9. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
- 1 2 3 4 Ḥaqšenās, Torāb (27 October 2011) [15 December 1992]. "COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953". In Yarshater, Ehsan. Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 1. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 105–112. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- 1 2 Donald Newton Wilber (2014). Iran, Past and Present: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Princeton University Press. p. 344. ISBN 1400857473.
- ↑ Annabelle Sreberny, Massoumeh Torfeh (2013), Cultural Revolution in Iran: Contemporary Popular Culture in the Islamic Republic, I.B. Tauris, p. 156, ISBN 9781780760896
- 1 2 Mahmood T. Davari (2004). The Political Thought of Ayatollah Murtaza Mutahhari: An Iranian Theoretician of the Islamic State. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-134-29488-6.
- 1 2 Hiro, Dilip (2013). "Fedai Khalq". A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East. Interlink Publishing. pp. 483–9. ISBN 9781623710330.
- 1 2 3 Arie Perliger, William L. Eubank (2006), "Terrorism in Iran and Afghanistan: The Seeds of the Global Jihad", Middle Eastern Terrorism, Infobase Publishing, pp. 41–42, ISBN 9781438107196
- ↑ Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 100.