Farooqi

Farooqi (Arabic: فاروقي‎); also transliterated as Farooqui, Faruki or Al Farooqi), is a distinct name or surname or last name of Arabic origin.

Origin

The name purportedly signifies ancestry from Umar ibn al-Khattāb, commonly known as Umar (Arabic: عمر ابن الخطاب‎), the second Caliph of Islam. Umar was also titled 'al-Farooq' (the Redeemer).' Today Farooqies are a multilingual Muslim community spread across Turkey', Romania, Middle East' and parts of Europe.


Genealogy

Farooqis are descendants of 'Umar ibn al-Khattāb, the second Sunni Caliph (c. 581 – 644), sometimes referred by Muslims as 'Umar al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes between right and wrong").They are descendants from the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh tribe. Many of the relatives of the same generation were also Sahaba and his daughter Hafsa bint Umar and his grandsons were Salaf.


History of Descendants

Farooqis after playing a part in the Rashidun and following Caliphates, joined the Ottoman Empire and branched out to various parts of the world as generals, military or powerful spiritual leaders in various Muslim Empires and Dynasties and their further outreaches and smaller empires to spread across Middle East, Turkey and parts of Europe and South Asia. See also List of Muslim empires and dynasties.

Muhammed Sharif al-Faruqi, an Arab Ottoman staff officer, played a pivotal role in the events leading up to the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks in 1916.

Spread to Levant and Turkey

Farooq (also transliterated as Farouk, Farook, Faruk, Faroeq, Faruq, Farouq, Farooqui or Farooqi; Arabic: فاروق, Fārūq ) is a common Arabic given and family name found in Levant and Turkey. See also Farooq.

Disambiguation of Farooq and their transliterated variants were also adopted by Sunni Islam converts from Arab-Mongol empires as a name to pay respect to Umar Bin Khattab and took up the name as an honorific title.

Farooqies in Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, the children of Umar ibn al-Khattāb are known as El-Umari or Al-Omery. However the Farooquis of South Asia, who went back to Saudi Arabia retained the family name Al-Farooqui or Al-Farouki.

Farooqis in UK, USA and Canada

Quite a few generations of Farooqis and their variants live in USA,UK and Canada due to either migration of heavy STEM related professions. See also ancestry in UK,USA and Canada..

Mentions in Literature

A 1939 book titled Al-Farooq is a major publication of the Sunni literature which partly listed Umar bin Khattab's genealogy. By extensive study of the subject, the author Nomani collected and collated facts which were lying buried in unpublished manuscripts in great libraries of Istanbul, Beirut, Alexandria, Paris, Berlin and London. The popularity of the book resulted in several editions in a very short period. The book was translated in English by Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and was titled, Al Farooq: The Life of Omar The Great (Second Caliph of Islam).[1]

Spread to South Asia

Adham, the father of Ibrahim Bin Adham and the great grandson of Umar ibn al-Khattāb, was a great travel as narrated in the papers read in the conference on "Balad As-Shaam". He travelled all the way up to Balkh where he married the only daughter of the King, and his son Ibrahim became the King of Balkh. His descendants got uprooted after the attack by Mongols, and most moved to the area which is now the modern day Punjab as a part of the Moghul Empire. Significant descendants of these Farooqis can be found in Afghanitsan, Pakistan and India.


Decline of the Moghul Empire

In the later days of the Moghul Empire, it had crippled and a general named Asif Jah decided to move South with his friends and form his own kingdom named State of Hyderabad. Among his friends and soldiers included Farooqies and their transliterated variants who became preachers and judges. Some took their family title "Qazi" as their family name.

The name "Farooqi" or "Farooqui" reappeared from time to time as the Nizam family grew too large, as Farooqui was more or less of a title of reference (to Umar ibn al-Khattāb) rather than a Family name until the mid 19th century. They're official residence was Chowmahalla Palace. It later grew to Falaknuma Palace, Bashir Bagh Palace, etc., under the Jah title.


The Farooqi Dynasty

Farooqi Dynasty was formed by Abdul Malik Ahmad, the son of minister Khan-i-Jahan Farooqi of Delhi Sultanate. He became a general under Feroz Shah Tugluq and then founded Khandesh (Land of Khan) to become an independent ruler. Khandesh later became a province of Moghul Empire under Akbar.

Spread to Deccan

After the establishment of State of Hyderabad, many Farooquis took up the job of judges, ombudsmen, and other law professions. As per the caste systems which recognized families by profession instead of ancestry, their family name became Qazi, along with Sayyids and Siddiquis etc. However these families continued to identify themselves are Farooqis.


Converts from Hinduism and their variants in Indian Subcontinent

Farooq is used in South East Asia as an honorific title to in Sunni Islam religious converts from Hinduism and other religions in regions of the Indian Subcontinent and are not related to the ancestry of Umar Bin Khattab.

Due to the 1000 years of Islamic empires such as the Moghul empire rule and other Islamic empires over Indian subcontinent, a large population of Hindus converted and adopted the title of Farooqis and their variants in South East Asia notably India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

They are also honorific titles and also known as 'Shaikhs of South Asia' that are converts from Hinduism and are not related to the ancestry of the Quraysh tribe.

Farooqis of other affiliated variants in the Indian Subcontinent

These are Farooqis and their variants that are not part of Sunni Islam.

Farooqis in Parsee community

Zoroastrians of Iranian origin found in Indian regions of Maharashtra,Gujarat and Pune. A significant amount of Farooqis also exist in the state of Maharashtra,Gujarat,Pune which are part of the Parsee community, and are Zorastrians that fled from the Shah rule to avoid persecution from Muslim rule.These are Indo-Persians and are a tiny and significant but well respected minority in India. See also Parsi.

Farooqis in Bohra community

Shia Muslims found in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan, and Indian regions. Quite a few Bohras live in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan and Indian regions of Maharashtra,Gujarat and Pune that identify with Farooqis as respect to Umar Bin Khattab and his name Farooq. They are also part of the Ismaili community. See also Suleimani Bohra.

Notable Farooqis

See also

References

Genealogy Umar Bin Khattab

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