Farkle

Farkle, or Farkel, is a dice game that has also been called or is similar to 1000/5000/10000, Cosmic Wimpout, Greed, Hot Dice,[1] Squelch,[2] Zilch,[3] or Zonk. Its origins as a folk game are unknown, but the game dates back to at least the mid 1980s.[4] It has been marketed commercially since 1996 under the brand name Pocket Farkel by Legendary Games Inc.[5][6] While the basic rules are well-established, there is a wide range of variation in both scoring and play, as described below.[1][6][7][8][9]

Equipment

  • Dice (6, or 5 in some variations)
  • Paper and a pencil or pen for keeping score

Play

College roommates playing Farkle in their dorm, 2010

Farkle is played by two or more players, with each player in succession having a turn at throwing the dice. Each player's turn results in a score, and the scores for each player accumulate to some winning total (usually 10,000).

  • At the beginning of each turn, the player throws all the dice at once.
  • After each throw, one or more scoring dice must be set aside (see sections on scoring below).
  • The player may then either end their turn and bank the score accumulated so far, or continue to throw the remaining dice.
  • If the player has scored all six dice, they have "hot dice" and may continue their turn with a new throw of all six dice, adding to the score they have already accumulated. There is no limit to the number of "hot dice" a player may roll in one turn.
  • If none of the dice score in any given throw, the player has "farkled" and all points for that turn are lost.
  • At the end of the player's turn, the dice are handed to the next player in succession (usually in clockwise rotation), and they have their turn.

Once a player has achieved a winning point total, each other player has one last turn to score enough points to surpass that high-score.

Standard scoring

The following scores for single dice or combinations of dice are widely established, in that they are common to all or nearly all of the above-cited descriptions of farkle scoring.

Dice combination Score
Each 1100
Each 550
Three 1s1000
Three 2s200
Three 3s300
Three 4s400
Three 5s500
Three 6s600

For example, if a player throws 1-2-3-3-3-5, they could do any of the following:

  • score three 3s as 300 and then throw the remaining three dice
  • score the single 1 as 100 and then throw the remaining five dice
  • score the single 5 as 50 and then throw the remaining five dice
  • score three 3s, the single 1, and the single 5 for a total of 450 and then throw the remaining die
  • score three 3s, the single 1, and the single 5 for a total of 450 and stop, banking 450 points in that turn

This is not an exhaustive list of plays based on that throw, but it covers the most likely ones. If the player continues throwing, as in any of the above cases except the last, they risk farkling and thus losing all accumulated points. On the other hand, if they score five dice and have only one die to throw, they have a 1 in 3 chance of scoring a single 1 or a single 5, and then having scored all six dice they will have "hot dice" and can throw all six dice again to further increase their score.

Each scoring combination must be achieved in a single throw. For example, if a player has already set aside two individual 1s and then throws a third with the four dice remaining, they do not have a triplet of 1s for a score of 1000 but merely three individual 1s for a score of 300.

Scoring variations

Since farkle is a folk game, variant rules are used in different playing communities. While the standard rules described above are widely used, even they are not universal. For example, the commercially marketed game of Pocket Farkel differs in that three 1s are scored as 300 rather than 1000.[6] In addition, some players score one or more combinations of dice beyond the standard ones. Those variations include the following.

  • No scoring dice are rolled (e.g. 2-2-3-4-6-6) is scored as 500.
  • Three pair (e.g., 1-1-4-4-6-6) is scored as 500, 600, 750, 1000, or 1500.
  • A straight (1-2-3-4-5-6) is scored as 1000, 1200, 1500, or 2500.
  • A full house (three of a kind and a pair) is scored as the three of a kind value plus 250. e.g. 3-3-3-2-2 = 550, 4-4-4-3-3 = 650, 5-5-5-1-1 = 750, 1-1-1-3-3 = 1250
  • Four, five and six of a kind are scored in one of 3 ways: adding, doubling or set value:
    • Adding, for each additional matching die above 3 of a kind, the 3 of a kind score is added. e.g. 3-3-3 = 300, 3-3-3-3 = 300 + 300 (600), 3-3-3-3-3 = 300 + 300 + 300 (900) and 3-3-3-3-3-3 = 300 + 300 + 300 + 300 (1200).
    • Doubling, for each additional matching die above 3, 4 or 5 of a kind the score is doubled. e.g. 3-3-3 = 300, 3-3-3-3 = 300 × 2 (600), 3-3-3-3-3 = 300 × 2 × 2 (1200) and 3-3-3-3-3-3 = 300 × 2 × 2 × 2 (2400)
    • Set value, 4 of a kind is scored as 1000 or 2000, 5 of a kind is scored as 2000 or 4000 and 6 of a kind is scored as 3000, 6000 or 10000
Dice value 3 of a kind Adding Doubling Set value
4 of a kind5 of a kind6 of a kind4 of a kind5 of a kind6 of a kind4 of a kind5 of a kind6 of a kind
Two20040060080040080016001000 or 20002000 or 40003000, 6000 or 10000
One (low)[6]300600900120060012002400
Three300600900120060012002400
Four4008001200160080016003200
Five500100015002000100020004000
Six600120018002400120024004800
One (high)1000200030004000200040008000

Like the standard combinations, any of these variant combinations must be achieved in a single throw.

These are the variations listed in the above-cited descriptions of farkle scoring, but further variations presumably exist. Since it is a folk game, players are free to agree upon whatever scores they choose for whatever combinations they choose to recognize.

Play variations

Some farkle rules also incorporate one or more of the following variations in the sequence of play.

  • Players may be required to achieve a certain threshold score in their opening turn or turns, before they can begin scoring. Thresholds of 350, 400, 500, or 1000 are used. At the beginning of a game, each player must continue throwing in their turn until they either farkle or reach the threshold. After having reached the threshold once, they are free to stop throwing in subsequent turns whenever they choose.
  • Play is almost always to 10,000, but can be to 20,000.
  • In a variant described as "piggybacking" or "high-stakes", each player after the first can choose to begin their turn either with a fresh set of six dice, or by throwing the dice remaining after the previous player has completed their turn. For example, if a player banks three 1's for a score of 1000, the next player may choose to roll the remaining three dice. If they score at least one die, they score 1000 plus whatever additional score they accumulate. Players may thus assume the greater risk of farkling for the chance of scoring the points already accumulated by the player before them. If a player ends their turn on a "hot dice", the next player may "piggyback" using all six dice.
  • Players may be required to make at least one additional throw when they have hot dice, even if they have accumulated a high enough score that they would choose not to risk farkling.
  • Three farkles in a row can result in a deduction of 500[10] or 1000 points from the player's score.
  • Another variation is using five dice instead of six. In this version, players cannot score three pair, and this variation often couples an "instant" win option, where on the first roll of the five dice on any turn, if the player rolls five of a kind, that player instantly wins the game, regardless of the scores to that point.
  • An end-of-game variation described as "welfare" requires the winner to score exactly 10,000 points. If a player scores more than 10,000 points, then all points scored in that turn are given to the player with the lowest score.

Probabilities

Following are the probabilities of scoring combinations in the initial throw of six dice.

Dice combination Probability
Three of a kind1 in 3.240
Four of a kind1 in 20.736
Three pair1 in 25.92
Straight1 in 64.8
Two triplets1 in 155.52
Five of a kind1 in 259.2
Six of a kind1 in 7776

For the most part, less probable combinations are scored higher than more probable combinations (see Scoring Variations).

Following are the probabilities of scoring combinations in subsequent throws of the dice.

Dice combination Five dice left Four dice left Three dice left
Three of a kind1 in 5.1841 in 10.81 in 36
Four of a kind1 in 51.841 in 216N/A
Five of a kind1 in 1296N/AN/A

Following are the probabilities of farkling if all variant scoring combinations are allowed, depending on the number of dice thrown.

Dice thrown Probability
61 in 43.2 (5 in 216)
51 in 13
41 in 6.35 (20 in 127)
31 in 3.6 (5 in 18)
21 in 2.25 (4 in 9)
11 in 1.5 (2 in 3)

Three-pair is the only scoring variation that alters the likelihood of farkling, and only on the initial throw of six dice. If three pairs are not scored, the probability of farkling on the initial throw increases to 1 in 32.4 (5 in 162).

Following are the probabilities of making hot dice in a single throw if all variant scoring combinations are allowed, depending on the number of dice thrown.

Dice thrown Probability
61 in 12
51 in 32
41 in 25
31 in 18
21 in 9
11 in 3

If no variant scoring combinations are allowed, the probabilities of making hot dice are decreased only slightly for 4-6 dice thrown, and unchanged for 1-3 dice thrown. Odds for these and other die combinations with explanations and simulation results can be found elsewhere.[11]

Effects of scoring variations

Scoring additional combinations such as straights and three pairs increases the speed of play by awarding high scores for low probability events that otherwise would score little or nothing (for example, a straight with standard scoring is worth only 150 for the single 1 and single 5). To assess the impact of scoring variations, the following table shows the average score on the initial throw of six dice, assuming that all scoring dice are banked and ignoring any additional scores that would be made on a re-roll of hot dice. The first row shows the average score with standard scoring, and the other rows show the increment in that average for each scoring variant that is used in play.

The numbers in the table are calculated based on the following scores for variant combinations:

  • Four of a kind scores three times the score of the corresponding triplet.
  • Five of a kind scores five times the score of the corresponding triplet.
  • Six of a kind scores ten times the score of the corresponding triplet.
  • A straight scores 2500.
  • Three pair scores 1500.
Scoring combination Average score on initial throw
Standard scoring302
Four of a kind+47
Five of a kind+8
Six of a kind+0.6
Straight+37
Three pair+52
Total (all combinations)446.6

The impact of four or five of a kind is substantially similar if they are scored as 1000 and 2000, respectively. If lower scores are awarded for straights or three pairs, the impact on average scoring will be proportionately lower.

The above table somewhat overstates the impact of straight and three pair on overall speed of play, as they only score on the initial throw of six dice.

References

  1. 1 2 "Farkle Rules". Smart Box Design. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
  2. ↑ "Squelch v1.2". Retrieved 2010-07-13.
  3. ↑ "Zilch". Retrieved 2014-09-11.
  4. ↑ Rice, Wayne; Yaconelli, Mike (1986). Play It!: Over 400 Great Games for Groups. Zondervan. p. 210. ISBN 9780310351917.
  5. ↑ Farkel maker finds new home
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Frequently Asked Questions". Pocket Farkel. Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
  7. ↑ "My New Favorite Party Game -Farkel". Retrieved 2007-07-24.
  8. ↑ "Farkle Deluxe". Elverson Puzzle. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
  9. ↑ "Farkle, a game of dice". The Renaissance Store. Retrieved 2007-07-24.
  10. ↑ "Zilch (rules and scoring)". Retrieved 2014-09-11.
  11. ↑ Farkle Odds, Odds with complete derivation and simulation results

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