Express Entry

Express Entry is a system used by the Canadian government to manage applications for Canadian permanent residence through certain economic immigration programs.[1] The Express Entry system is used to manage applications for the Federal Skilled Worker (FSW), Federal Skilled Trades (FST), and Canadian Experience Class (CEC) programs, as well as certain Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs).[2] Express Entry is designed to facilitate the immigration of skilled workers to Canada "who are most likely to succeed economically."[3] The system boasts efficient processing times, with 80% of applications processed in 6 months or less.[4]

Those who are eligible for one of the programs managed by Express Entry must begin their application process by creating an Express Entry profile.[5] This profile includes biodata information, as well as details about family, education history, language abilities, and work experience. All candidates are assigned a score based on the information included in their Express Entry profile.[6] This score is out of 1200 points and is called the Comprehensive Ranking System Score, or CRS Score.[7] Approximately every two weeks, the Canadian government conducts an Express Entry draw, issuing a round of Invitations to Apply (ITAs) to those candidates with the highest CRS scores.[8] Those candidates who receive an ITA are given 60 days to complete their electronic Application for Permanent Residence (eAPR).[9] A positive result on this application will grant the applicant, and their accompanying family members, Canadian permanent resident status.[10]

Economic value versus "first-come first-served"

Express Entry replaced the original "first-come first-served" immigration selection system. Express Entry was expected to be more responsive to regional labour shortages.[11] It systemically favours "desirable" immigrants by selecting such individuals first, and avoids the arbitrary selections of the previous system, selections which, in some cases, were based only on who got their application in first.[12] Express Entry, instead of granting applications on a first-come-first-served basis, compares applications from skilled workers against each other in order to pick the most qualified individuals.[13] According to Colin Singer, an Immigration Lawyer, the ideal candidate for Express Entry is "someone in their 20s that's very proficient in one of Canada's official languages [English and French], and is highly educated, likely at a master's [degree] level."[14]

Concerns have also been expressed about the Express Entry system. Morton Beiser and Harald Bauder (2014) of Ryerson University wrote "Canada’s once pathbreaking immigration policies are being transformed into a system that mainly serves employers, treating immigrants not as future citizens or members of Canadian communities and families but merely as convenient or cheap labour." Others fear that Express Entry gives too much power to politicians and bureaucrats. Advocates of Express Entry claim that Express Entry can reduce, by better fitting immigrants to existing jobs vacancies than the previous system, the number of migrants who fail to get work.[15]

The system

Prospective candidates must first determine if they are eligible to apply for Express Entry before creating Express Entry Profiles. During profile creation, they must fill-in requested information about their age, education level, English and/or French proficiency, length of qualified work experience etc.[16] This information is then used to rank candidates via the CRS.[17][18][19] All eligible candidates are placed in a pool from which the highest-ranking individuals are then periodically invited to apply for permanent residence.[20] The total amount of immigrants invited depends on the quota the Canadian government has set for itself. For 2018 the quota set is 310,000 immigrants.[21] This quota is then reached by skimming from the top of the express entry pool and inviting the highest ranking candidates. For example, on February 7, 2018, the quota was 3,000 immigrants.[22] Thus the top-ranked 3,000 individuals were invited. In the past the government has repeated this draw multiple times per year.[23]

References

  1. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Express Entry System - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  2. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Express Entry: What prospective candidates need to know - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  3. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Express Entry: What prospective candidates need to know - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  4. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Express Entry System - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  5. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Submit an Express Entry profile: Online form - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  6. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "How we rank your Express Entry profile - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  7. ↑ "Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) tool: skilled immigrants (Express Entry)". www.cic.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  8. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Express Entry rounds of invitations - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  9. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Submit an Express Entry profile: Respond to an invitation - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  10. ↑ Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship. "Express Entry System - Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
  11. ↑ Lotf Ali, Jan Ali (October 2014). "Welcome to Canada? A Critical Review and Assessment of Canada's Fast-Changing Immigration Policies" (PDF). Ryerson Centre for Immigration & Settlement: 18.
  12. ↑ Ibbitson, John (December 2014). "Bootstrap Immigrants: Assessing the Conservative Transformation of Canada's Immigration Policy". Centre for International Governance Innovation: 6.
  13. ↑ Wattles, Jackie (18 March 2016). "Want to move to Canada? Here's what you need to know". CNN Money. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  14. ↑ Wattles, Jackie (18 March 2016). "Want to move to Canada? Here's what you need to know". CNN Money. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  15. ↑ Ibbitson, John (December 2014). "Bootstrap Immigrants: Assessing the Conservative Transformation of Canada's Immigration Policy". Centre for International Governance Innovation: 6.
  16. ↑ Ibbitson, John (December 2014). "Bootstrap Immigrants: Assessing the Conservative Transformation of Canada's Immigration Policy" (PDF). Centre for International Governance Innovation: 5.
  17. ↑ "Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) Criteria – Express Entry". www.canada.ca. Government of Canada.
  18. ↑ "Determine your eligibility — Skilled trades". www.canada.ca. Government of Canada.
  19. ↑ "Six selection factors – Federal skilled workers (Express Entry)". www.canada.ca. Government of Canada. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  20. ↑ Keung, Nicholas (6 Aug 2015). "Only 1 in 10 candidates invited to immigrate under Ottawa's new Express Entry system". The Star. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  21. ↑ Scotti, Monique (1 November 2017). "Canadian government wants 310,000 immigrants in 2018, 340,000 a year by 2020". Global News. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  22. ↑ Smith, Katem and Turner, Stephen Eman and Noah (21 February 2018). "New Express Entry draw invites 3,000 candidates to apply for Canadian permanent residence". CANADA IMMIGRATION NEWSLETTER. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  23. ↑ "Express Entry results: Previous rounds of invitations". www.canada.ca.
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