Eva Mozes Kor

Eva Mozes Kor
Eva Mozes Kor
Born Eva Mozes
(1934-01-31) January 31, 1934
Porț, Romania
Residence Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.
Nationality Romanian
Other names Eva Kor
Citizenship United States
Known for Founded CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center
Spouse(s) Michael Kor
Children Alex Kor, Rina Kor

Eva Mozes Kor (born January 31, 1934) is a Holocaust survivor. Along with her twin sister Miriam, Kor was subjected to human experimentation under Josef Mengele at the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War 2. She lost both of her parents and two older sisters to the Holocaust; only she and Miriam survived. Kor founded the organization CANDLES (an acronym for "Children of Auschwitz Nazi Deadly Lab Experiments Survivors") in 1984. Through the program, she has located 122 other survivors of Mengele.[1]

Kor founded CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center in 1984 to educate the public about eugenics, the Holocaust, and the power of forgiveness. Kor received international attention when she publicly forgave the Nazis for what had been done to her. This story was later explored in the documentary Forgiving Dr. Mengele.

Early life

Eva Mozes was born in 1934 in Porţ, Romania, where her parents, Alexander and Jaffa, landowners and farmers, were the only Jewish residents. They had four children, named Edit, Aliz, and the twins Eva and Miriam.[2]

In 1940, when Eva and Miriam were six, a Hungarian armed guard occupied their village. In 1944, the family was transported to the regional ghetto in Şimleu Silvaniei. A few weeks later, they were transported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp.

Since Eva and Miriam were twins, the girls were selected as part of a group of children used in experiments under the direction of Josef Mengele. Approximately 1500 sets of twins were subjected to these experiments, and most died from them. Eva herself became very ill, but she lived and helped Miriam survive.

The Soviet Army liberated the camp on January 27, 1945. Found alive were approximately 180 children, most of whom were twins.[3] They were first sent to a convent in Katowice, Poland, which was being used as an orphanage. By searching a nearby displaced person's camp, they located Rosalita Csengeri, a friend of their mother who also had twin daughters used by Mengele. Csengeri took responsibility for Eva and Miriam, helping them return to Romania after liberation.

After the war, Eva and Miriam lived in Cluj, Romania, with their Aunt Irena (also a survivor) where they went to school and attempted to recover from their experiences at Auschwitz and adjust to life under Communist rule. In 1950, at age 16, they received permission to leave Romania and emigrated to Israel, arriving in the port city of Haifa. Eva attended an agricultural school, and then attained the rank of Sergeant Major in the Israeli Army Engineering Corps. In 1960, she married Michael Kor, an American citizen and a fellow Holocaust survivor, and joined him in the United States.

Later activities

In 1965, Kor became a US citizen, and the couple raised two children, Alex and Rina. In 1978, after NBC's miniseries The Holocaust aired, she and Miriam, who was still living in Israel, began locating other survivors of the experiments. In 1984, Eva founded CANDLES.

She has remained active by giving lectures and guided tours.[4] She has returned to Auschwitz on numerous occasions, often accompanied by friends and members of the community. This pilgrimage now takes place each summer.[5]

In 2007, Eva Kor worked with Indiana state legislators Clyde Kersey and Tim Skinner to gain passage of a law requiring Holocaust education in secondary schools.[6] She was featured in the January 2015 CNN documentary "Voices of Auschwitz"[7] and CNN's "Incredible survivors" in 2016.

In April 2015 she traveled to Germany to testify in the trial of former Nazi Oskar Gröning. During this trial, Kor and Gröning shared an embrace and a kiss, with Eva thanking Gröning for his willingness, at age 93, to testify as to what happened more than 70 years ago.[8] On January 23, 2016, Kor became the focus of a new documentary out of Britain by Channel4 titled "The Girl Who Forgave the Nazis". This documentary explores the meeting between Kor and Groening.[9]

In 2016 Kor traveled to Los Angeles, California to be one of 13 Holocaust survivors immortalized using the latest technology in the University of Southern California's New Dimensions in Testimony Project.[10] The project is a collaborative effort between the USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USC Shoah Foundation and Conscience Display.

Currently, Kor is the subject of a new documentary by Ted Green Films and WFYI Indianapolis, entitled Eva that premiered on April 5, 2018 at Butler University.[11]

Honours

Kor has been recognised by four Indiana governors: twice with the Sagamore of the Wabash Award,[12] once with Indiana's Distinguished Hoosier Award, and once in 2017 with the Sachem Award, which is the highest honour of the state of Indiana.[13] In April 2017, Kor was also named the Grand Marshal of the Indianapolis 500 Festival Parade.[14]

In May 2015, she received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana.[15] She also received the 2015 Wabash Valley Women of Influence Award, sponsored by the United Way of the Wabash Valley,[16] the 2015 Anne Frank Change the World Award[17] from the Wassmuth Center for Human Rights in Boise, Idaho, and the 2015 Mike Vogel Humanitarian Award, in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Family

Miriam Mozes (1934-1993), Eva's sister, was also a Holocaust survivor of experiments on twins at Auschwitz concentration camp, by Josef Mengele. She and Eva were the only members of their immediate family to survive.

After liberation from Auschwitz, Eva and Miriam spent nine months traveling from refugee camp to refugee camp under the care of Rosalita Csengeri, who was finally able to return them to their village in Romania. From their village, a cousin took them to live in Cluj, Romania, to be cared for by an aunt who had also survived. In 1950, they emigrated to Israel, where Eva lived until 1960 when she married Michael Kor and moved to the United States. Miriam lived in Israel until her death from cancer, likely caused by the Mengele experiments, in 1993.

The documentary The Holocaust prompted them to locate fellow survivors. Eva married a fellow survivor and founded the experiment survivors group, museum and foundation CANDLES.

Works

  • Echoes from Auschwitz: Dr. Mengele's Twins: The Story of Eva and Miriam Mozes (1995) with Mary Wright — ISBN 978-0-9643807-6-9
  • Surviving the Angel of Death: The Story of a Mengele Twin in Auschwitz (2009) with Lisa Rojany Buccieri — ISBN 1-933718-28-5
  • Little Eva & Miriam in First Grade (1994) Eva Mozes Kor - OCLC 33324155
  • Forgiving Dr. Mengele (2006) First Run Features - Bob Hercules and Cheri Pugh
  • Die Macht Des Vergebens (2016) with Guido Eckert - ISBN 978-3-7109-0011-2
  • "Nazi Experiments as Viewed by a Survivor of Mengele's Experiments" (1992) in When Medicine Went Mad: Bioethics and the Holocaust by Arthur Caplan - ISBN 978-1461267515

References

  1. ↑ "History of CANDLES". CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  2. ↑ "Draft Report on" (PDF). Yadvashem.org. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  3. ↑ "Liberation of Auschwitz". Ushmm.org. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  4. ↑ "Gould, Asner lend names to cause of local museum". Terre Haute Tribune Star. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  5. ↑ "CANDLES: Shining a light on the Holocaust and Eva Kor. Illuminating the world with hope, healing, respect, and responsibility". Candlesholocaustmuseum.org. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  6. ↑ "Oh, Four Oh Four". Idsnews.com. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  7. ↑ "CNN Special Report: Blitzer to Host "Voices of Auschwitz" Jan. 27 at 9pm ET – CNN Press Room - CNN.com Blogs". Cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  8. ↑ Dominique Mosbergen (2015-04-27). "Former Nazi Guard Oskar Groening Kisses Holocaust Survivor Eva Kor During His Trial". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  9. ↑ "TV Pick of the Day: The Girl Who Forgave the Nazis (Channel 4), January 23". Western Morning News. 2016-01-23. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  10. ↑ "New Dimensions in Testimony on Display at USHMM". 2016-05-11. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  11. ↑ "Eva".
  12. ↑ Trigg, Lisa (2015-04-10). "Eva Kor | Features". Tribstar.com. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  13. ↑ Midwest Communications Inc. "Kohr Honoured With The Sachem Award | News | WIBQ". Wibqam.com. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  14. ↑ "Eva Kor Named Grand Marshal 500 Festival Parade".
  15. ↑ "Holocaust Survivor Eva Kor Headlines Moving Butler Commencement Focused On Forgiveness And Service". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  16. ↑ "Wabash Valley 2015 Women of Influence". Uwwv.org. 2015-04-09. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  17. ↑ Hagadone, Zach. "Change Your World Celebration | Friday, Sept. 18 | Culture". Boise Weekly. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
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