Euura aquilonis

Euura aquilonis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Hexapoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Tenthredinidae
Genus:	Euura
Species:	E. aquilonis
Binomial name
	Euura aquilonis; (Benson, 1941)
Synonyms
	Pontania aquilonis Benson, 1941; Eupontania aquilonis (Benson, 1941): Vikberg (2003); Pontania algida Benson, 1941; Pontania polaris Kopelke (1989b); Pontania (Eupontania) polaris Zinovjev (1993b)

Euura aquilonis is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) and polar willow (Salix polaris). Galls of E. herbaceae are similar and the larvae need to be examined to tell them apart.

Description of the gall

Descriptions of the gall differ depending on the source. According to Redfern et al (2011) the thin-walled gall is gobular, 4–10 mm diameter and usually protruding more from the underside of the leaf. The Plant Parasites of Europe website describes the gall as protruding equally on either side of the leaf. The gall is large in relation to the size of the leaf. The larvae of E. herbaceae have black spots (easiest to see in young larva) while the larvae of E. aquilonis does not.^[1]^[2]

Distribution

The gall or sawlfy has been recorded from Finland, Norway, Scotland, Slovakia and Sweden.^[3]

References

↑ Redfern, Margaret; Shirley, Peter; Boxham, Michael (2011). British Plant Galls (Second ed.). Shrewsbury: Field Study Council. pp. 282–299. ISBN 978 185153 284 1.
↑ Ellis, W N. "Euura aquilonis (Benson, 1941)". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
↑ Liston, Andrew D; Heibo, Erik; Prous, Marko; Vardal, Hege; Nyman, Tommi; Vikberg, Veli (2017). "North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 4302 (1): 89–90. ISSN 1175-5334.

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[″bpg″-1] Redfern, Margaret; Shirley, Peter; Boxham, Michael (2011). British Plant Galls (Second ed.). Shrewsbury: Field Study Council. pp. 282–299. ISBN 978 185153 284 1.

[2] Ellis, W N. "Euura aquilonis (Benson, 1941)". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 10 August 2018.

[liston-3] Liston, Andrew D; Heibo, Erik; Prous, Marko; Vardal, Hege; Nyman, Tommi; Vikberg, Veli (2017). "North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 4302 (1): 89–90. ISSN 1175-5334.