Era Fascista

A Fascist-period Italian coin dated MCMXXVIII A.VI

The Era Fascista was a calendar used in Fascist Italy. The March on Rome, or more precisely the accession of Mussolini as prime minister on 29 October 1922, is day 1 of year I of the Era Fascista. The calendar was introduced in 1926 and became official in Year 5 (1927).[1]

The Era Fascista calendar was inspired by the French Republican Calendar.[2]

Era Fascista dates consisted of the Gregorian date appended by the corresponding Era Fascista year in Roman numerals, thus the date of Italy's declaration of war on Greece was written as "28 October 1940 - XIX". The Era Fascista year was sometimes written as "Anno XIX", "A. XIX", or marked "E.F.".[3], The calendar was intended to replace the "bourgeois" Gregorian calendar in Italian public life to the extent that, in 1939, newspapers were forbidden to write about New Year's Day.[4]

A plaque with fasces on the Teatro di Marcello dated A. VII E.F.

The tenth anniversary of the March on Rome, Year X, was called the Decennale (evoking the ancient Roman Decennalia). The propaganda centerpiece of Year X was the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution.[5]

The calendar was abandoned with the fall of Fascism in 1943 (Anno XXI), but many monuments in Italy still bear Era Fascista dates.

Notes

  1. ↑ Edgardo Baldi, Aldo Cerchiari, Enciclopedia moderna italiana, p. 1306
  2. ↑ Philip V. Cannistraro, "Mussolini's cultural revolution: fascist or nationalist?" in Roger Griffin, Matthew Feldman, eds., Fascism: Fascism and Culture in Fascism: Critical Concept in Political Science 3:194, ISBN 041529018X
  3. ↑ Catherine E. Paul, Fascist Directive: Ezra Pound and Italian Cultural Nationalism, 2016, ISBN 9781942954057, p. 114
  4. ↑ Simonetta Falasca-Zamponi, Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy, 2000, ISBN 0520226771, p. 105
  5. ↑ B. Painter, Mussolini's Rome: Rebuilding the Eternal City, ISBN 1403976910, 2016, p. 26
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