List of heads of state of Haiti

This article lists the heads of state of Haiti since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.

Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom of Haiti in 1811, and the southern Republic of Haiti. Between 1822 and 1844 the Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the period known as the unification of Hispaniola.

Heads of State of Haiti

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
N/A	Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803)	1 January 1791	6 May 1802	Independent	Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802) Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801) Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802)
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804)
N/A	Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758–1806)	1 January 1804	22 September 1804	Independent	Governor-General of Haiti

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Coronation	Title(s)
1		Jacques I (1758–1806)	22 September 1804	17 October 1806	8 October 1804	Emperor of Haiti

State of Haiti (1806–1811)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
N/A		Henri Christophe (1767–1820)	17 October 1806	28 March 1811	Independent	Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807) President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811)^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Coronation	Title(s)
N/A		Henri I (1767–1820)	28 March 1811	8 October 1820	2 June 1811	King of Haiti^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Republic of Haiti (1806–1822)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
1		Alexandre Pétion (1770–1818)	17 October 1806	29 March 1818	Independent	President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816) President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818)^{[lower-alpha 3]}
2		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	30 March 1818	9 February 1822	Independent	President for Life^{[lower-alpha 4]}

Republic of Haiti during the unification of Hispaniola (1822–1844)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
(2)		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	9 February 1822	13 February 1843	Independent	President for Life
3		Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850)	4 April 1843	27 February 1844	Independent	President

Republic of Haiti (1844–1849)

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
(3)	Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850)	27 February 1844	3 May 1844	Independent	President
4	Philippe Guerrier (1757–1845)	3 May 1844	15 April 1845	Independent	President
5	Jean-Louis Pierrot (1761–1857)	16 April 1845	24 March 1846	Independent	President
6	Jean-Baptiste Riché (1780–1847)	24 March 1846	28 February 1847	Independent	President
7	Faustin Soulouque (1782–1867)	2 March 1847	26 August 1849	Independent	President

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign		Coronation	Title(s)
2		Faustin I (1782–1867)	26 August 1849	22 January 1859	18 April 1852	Emperor of Haiti

Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
8	Fabre Geffrard (1806–1878)	22 January 1859	13 March 1867	Independent	President
—	Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	20 March 1867	2 May 1867	Independent	Provisional President
9	Sylvain Salnave (1827–1870)	4 May 1867	27 December 1869	Independent	President
10	Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	27 December 1869	14 May 1874	Liberal Party	President
—	Council of Secretaries of State	14 May 1874	14 June 1874	Independent	Council of Secretaries of State
11	Michel Domingue (1813–1877)	14 June 1874	15 April 1876	Independent	President
12	Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	23 April 1876	17 July 1879	Liberal Party	Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876) President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879)
—	Joseph Lamothe (?–1891)	26 July 1879	2 October 1879	Independent	Provisional President
13	Lysius Salomon (1815–1888)	2 October 1879	10 August 1888	National Party	President
—	Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	10 August 1888	16 October 1888	Liberal Party	Provisional President
14	François Denys Légitime (1841–1935)	16 October 1888	23 August 1889	Liberal Party	President
—	Monpoint Jeune (1830–1905)	23 August 1889	17 October 1889	Independent	Provisional President
15	Florvil Hyppolite (1828–1896)	17 October 1889	24 March 1896	National Party	President
16	Tirésias Simon Sam (1835–1916)	31 March 1896	12 May 1902	National Party	President
—	Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	26 May 1902	17 December 1902	Liberal Party	Provisional President
17	Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910)	21 December 1902	2 December 1908	Military	President
18	François C. Antoine Simon (1843–1923)	6 December 1908	3 August 1911	Liberal Party	President
19	Cincinnatus Leconte (1854–1912)	15 August 1911	8 August 1912	National Party	President^{[lower-alpha 5]}
20	Tancrède Auguste (1856–1913)	8 August 1912	2 May 1913	National Party	President
21	Michel Oreste (1859–1918)	12 May 1913	27 January 1914	Independent	President
22	Oreste Zamor (1861–1915)	8 February 1914	29 October 1914	Military	President
23	Joseph Davilmar Théodore (1847–1917)	7 November 1914	22 February 1915	Military	President
24	Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (1859–1915)	25 February 1915	28 July 1915	Military	President^{[lower-alpha 6]}
25	Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1863–1926)	12 August 1915	15 May 1922	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 7]}
26	Louis Borno (1865–1942)	15 May 1922	15 May 1930	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 7]}
27	Louis Eugène Roy (1861–1939)	15 May 1930	18 November 1930	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 7]}
28	Sténio Vincent (1874–1959)	18 November 1930	15 May 1941	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 8]}
29	Élie Lescot (1883–1974)	15 May 1941	11 January 1946	Liberal Party	President
—	Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	11 January 1946	16 August 1946	Military	Chairman of the Military Executive Committee
30	Dumarsais Estimé (1900–1953)	16 August 1946	10 May 1950	Independent	President
—	Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	10 May 1950	6 December 1950	Military	Chairman of the Government Junta
31	Paul Magloire (1907–2001)	6 December 1950	12 December 1956	Peasant Worker Movement	President
—	Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (1900–1966)	12 December 1956	3 February 1957	Independent	Provisional President
—	Franck Sylvain (1909–1987)	7 February 1957	2 April 1957	Independent	Provisional President
—	Executive Government Council	2 April 1957	25 May 1957	Independent	Executive Government Council
—	Daniel Fignolé (1913–1986)	25 May 1957	14 June 1957	Peasant Worker Movement	Provisional President
—	Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (1909–1963)	14 June 1957	22 October 1957	Military	Chairman of the Military Council

Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)

Symbols

^P Presidential referendum
^C Constitutional referendum
^† Died in office

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
32		François Duvalier (1907–1971)	1957 1961^[P] 1964^[C]	22 October 1957	21 April 1971^[†]	National Unity Party	President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971)
33		Jean-Claude Duvalier (1951–2014)	1971^[C] 1985^[C]	21 April 1971	7 February 1986	National Unity Party	President for Life

Republic of Haiti (1986–present)

Symbols

^I Indirect election

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office		Party	Title(s)
—	Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	7 February 1986	7 February 1988	Military	President of the National Council of Government
34	Leslie Manigat (1930–2014)	1988	7 February 1988	20 June 1988^{[lower-alpha 9]}	Rally of Progressive National Democrats	President
35	Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	20 June 1988	17 September 1988^{[lower-alpha 10]}	Military	President
36	Prosper Avril (1937–)	—	17 September 1988	10 March 1990	Military	President
—	Hérard Abraham (1940–)	—	10 March 1990	13 March 1990	Military	Acting President
—	Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (1943–)	—	13 March 1990	7 February 1991	Independent	Provisional President
37	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	1990	7 February 1991	29 September 1991^{[lower-alpha 11]}	Lavalas Political Organization	President
N/A	Raoul Cédras (1949–)	—	29 September 1991	8 October 1991	Military	Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces^{[lower-alpha 12]}
—	Joseph Nérette (1924–2007)	—	8 October 1991	19 June 1992	Independent	Provisional President
—	Marc Bazin (1932–2010)	—	19 June 1992	15 June 1993	Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti	Acting President
37	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	—	15 June 1993	12 May 1994	Lavalas Political Organization	President^{[lower-alpha 13]}
—	Émile Jonassaint (1913–1995)	—	12 May 1994	12 October 1994	Independent	Provisional President
37	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	—	12 October 1994	7 February 1996	Lavalas Political Organization	President^{[lower-alpha 14]}
38	René Préval (1943–2017)	1995	7 February 1996	7 February 2001	Fanmi Lavalas	President
39	Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953–)	2000	7 February 2001	29 February 2004^{[lower-alpha 15]}	Fanmi Lavalas	President
—	Boniface Alexandre (1936–)	—	29 February 2004	14 May 2006	Independent	Provisional President
40	René Préval (1943–2017)	2006	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	Lespwa^{[lower-alpha 16]}	President
(40)	René Préval (1943–2017)	2006	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	Inite	President
41	Michel Martelly (1961–)	2010–11	14 May 2011	7 February 2016	Repons Peyizan	President
—	Council of Ministers	—	7 February 2016	14 February 2016	Independent	Council of Ministers
—	Jocelerme Privert (1953–)	2016 (Feb)^[I]	14 February 2016	7 February 2017	Inite	Provisional President^{[lower-alpha 17]}
42	Jovenel Moïse (1968–)	2016 (Nov)	7 February 2017	Incumbent	Haitian Tèt Kale Party	President

Foreign governors and military commanders

	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Title(s)	Country
United States occupation of Haiti
	William Banks Caperton (1855–1941)	28 July 1915	15 August 1915	Commander cruiser squadron, Atlantic Fleet	United States
	Littleton Waller (1856–1926)	15 August 1915	21 November 1916	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Eli K. Cole (1867–1929)	22 November 1916	27 November 1917	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	John H. Russell Jr. (1872–1947)	28 November 1917	6 December 1918	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Albertus W. Catlin (1868–1933)	7 December 1918	14 July 1919	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Louis M. Little (1878–1960)	15 July 1919	1 October 1919	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	John H. Russell Jr. (1872–1947)	2 October 1919	14 January 1922	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	George Van Orden (1878–1957)	14 January 1922	28 March 1922	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Theodore P. Kane (1868–1943)	29 March 1922	15 November 1923	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	William N. McKelvy (1869–1933)	16 November 1923	21 January 1924	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Ben H. Fuller (1870–1937)	21 January 1924	11 June 1925	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	William N. McKelvy (1869–1933)	12 June 1925	25 June 1925	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Harold Courtland Snyder (1872–1933)	26 June 1925	29 July 1925	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Ben H. Fuller (1870–1937)	30 July 1925	7 December 1925	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	John T. Myers (1871–1952)	8 December 1925	24 January 1928	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Presley M. Rixey Jr. (1879–1953)	25 January 1928	22 February 1928	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Louis Mason Gulick (1879–1933)	23 February 1928	24 June 1929	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Richard M. Cutts (1878–1934)	25 June 1929	11 May 1931	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Louis M. Little (1878–1960)	3 July 1931	15 August 1934	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
	Arthur Bailly-Blanchard (1855–1925)	15 November 1915	26 September 1921	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
	John H. Russell Jr. (1872–1947)	11 February 1922	16 November 1930	High Commissioner to Haiti	United States
	Dana Gardner Munro (1892–1990)	16 November 1930	14 September 1932	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
	Norman Armour (1887–1982)	7 November 1932	4 March 1933	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
	Norman Armour (1887–1982)	11 April 1933	21 March 1935	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
	George A. Gordon (1885–1959)	6 September 1935	21 July 1937	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
Operation Uphold Democracy
	Hugh Shelton (1942–)	19 September 1994	25 October 1994	Commander of the Multinational Forces Haiti (MNF)	United States
	David C. Meade (1941?–)	25 October 1994	14 January 1995	Commander of the Multinational Forces Haiti (MNF)	United States
	George A. Fisher Jr. (1942–)	14 January 1995	31 March 1995	Commander of the Multinational Forces Haiti (MNF)	United States
	Joseph W. Kinzer (1939–)	31 March 1995	5 March 1996	Commander of the United Nations Mission in Haiti Force (UNMIH)	United States
	J. R. Pierre Daigle (1950–)	5 March 1996	30 June 1997	Commander of the United Nations Mission in Haiti Force (UNMIH)	Canada
	Robin Gagnon (1950–)	1 August 1997	30 November 1997	Commander of the United Nations Mission in Haiti Force (UNMIH)	Canada
2004 Haitian coup d'état
	Ronald S. Coleman (1948–)	29 February 2004	1 June 2004	Commanding General, Combined Joint Task Force Haiti and Commander of the Multinational Interim Force in Haiti (MIF)	United States
	Augusto Heleno Ribeiro Pereira (1947–)	1 June 2004	1 September 2005	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar (1947–2006)	1 September 2005	7 January 2006	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Eduardo Aldunate Herman (1948–) Interim	7 January 2006	20 January 2006	Interim Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Chile
	José Elito Carvalho de Siqueira (1946–)	20 January 2006	9 January 2007	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Carlos Alberto Dos Santos Cruz (1952–)	9 January 2007	9 April 2009	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto (1954–)	9 April 2009	11 April 2010	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Luiz Guilherme Paul Cruz (1957–)	11 April 2010	30 March 2011	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Luiz Eduardo Ramos Pereira (1956–)	30 March 2011	27 March 2012	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Fernando Rodrigues Goulart (1958–)	27 March 2012	27 March 2013	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Edson Leal Pujol (1955–)	27 March 2013	15 March 2014	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	José Luiz Jaborandy Jr. (1958–2015)	15 March 2014	30 August 2015	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
	Jorge Peña Leiva (1961–) Acting	4 September 2015	13 October 2015	Acting Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Chile
	Ajax Porto Pinheiro (1956–)	13 October 2015	15 October 2017	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
2010 Haiti earthquake
	P. K. "Ken" Keen (c. 1953–)	14 January 2010	18 April 2010	Commander of the Joint Task Force for Haiti (JTF–H)	United States
	Simeon G. Trombitas (1948–)	18 April 2010	1 June 2010	Commander of the Joint Task Force for Haiti (JTF–H)	United States

Notes

↑ Rule limited to the northern State of Haiti
↑ Rule limited to the northern Kingdom of Haiti
↑ Rule limited to the southern Republic of Haiti
↑ United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820
↑ Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806)
↑ Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902). Also the inspiration for Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones
1 2 3 Served under the United States occupation
↑ Served under the United States occupation until 1934
↑ Deposed in the June 1988 coup d'état
↑ Deposed in the September 1988 coup d'état
↑ Deposed in the 1991 coup d'état
↑ De facto leader of Haiti (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994)
↑ In exile, but recognized in Haiti
↑ Served under the United States occupation until 1995
↑ Deposed in the 2004 coup d'état
↑ Until November 2009
↑ Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016

Heads of State of Haiti
Post-Revolutionary (1804–59)	Dessalines/Jacques I Christophe/Henri I Blanchet (acting) Pétion Boyer Rivière-Hérard Guerrier Pierrot Riché Soulouque/Faustin I
Post-Imperial (1859–1930)	Geffrard Saget (provisional) Salnave Saget Council of Secretaries of State Domingue Boisrond-Canal Lamothe (provisional) Salomon Boisrond-Canal (provisional) Légitime Jeune (provisional) Hyppolite Simon Sam Boisrond-Canal (provisional) Alexis Simon Leconte Auguste Oreste Zamor Théodore Guillaume Sam Dartiguenave Borno Roy
Post-Occupation (1930–86)	Vincent Lescot Lavaud Estimé Lavaud Magloire Pierre-Louis (provisional) Sylvain (provisional) Executive Government Council Fignolé (provisional) Kébreau François Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier
Post-Duvalier (1986–2011)	Namphy Manigat Namphy Avril Abraham Pascal-Trouillot Aristide Cédras Nérette Bazin (provisional) Jonassaint (provisional) Aristide Préval Aristide Alexandre (provisional) Préval
Post-Earthquake (2011–present)	Martelly Privert (provisional) Moïse

Politics of Haiti
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