Emperor Hanzei

Hanzei
Emperor of Japan
Reign 406 – 410 (traditional)[1]
Predecessor Richū
Successor Ingyō
Born 336
Died 410 (aged 73–74)
Burial Mozu no Mimihara no naka no misasagi (Osaka)
Spouse
  • Empress Tsunohime
  • Otohime
Issue
  • Princess Kaihime
  • Princess Tuburahime
  • Princess Takarahime
  • Prince Takabe
House Yamato
Father Emperor Nintoku
Mother Princess Iwanohime

Emperor Hanzei (反正天皇, Hanzei-tennō), also known as Emperor Hanshō, was the 18th emperor of Japan,[2] according to the traditional order of succession.[3]

No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 406 CE to 410 CE.[4]

Legendary narrative

Hanzei is regarded by historians as a "legendary emperor" of the 5th century.[5] The reign of Emperor Kinmei (c. 509 – 571 AD), the 29th emperor,[6] is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates;[7] however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.[8]

Hanzei was the son of Emperor Nintoku and Iwanohime. He was the brother of Emperor Richū; and this succession effectively by-passed Richū's two sons. No other details have survived.[3]

Hanzei's contemporary title would not have been tennō, as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably Sumeramikoto or Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Hanzei might have been referred to as (ヤマト大王/大君) or the "Great King of Yamato".

The Nihongi records that the country enjoyed peace during this emperor's reign.[9]

The description of Hanzei in the Kojiki is daunting as he is described as standing over nine feet tall and have enormous teeth all the same size. He is said to have ruled from the palace of Shibagaki at Tajihi in Kawachi (present-day Matsubara, Osaka); and he is said to have died peacefully in his palace.[9]

Memorial Shinto shrine and mausoleum honoring Emperor Hanzei

The actual site of Hanzei's grave is not known.[2] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) in Sakai, Osaka.

The Imperial Household Agency designates the Tadeiyama kofun (田出井山古墳) in Sakai as Hanzei's official mausoleum. It is formally named Mozu no mimihara no kita no misasagi (百舌鳥耳原北陵).[10]

Consorts and children

Empress: Tsunohime (津野媛), daughter of Ooyake no omi Kogoto (大宅臣木事)

  • Princess Kaihime (香火姫皇女)
  • Princess Tuburahime (円皇女)

Otohime (弟媛), younger sister of Tsunohime

  • Princess Takarahime (財皇女)
  • Prince Takabe (高部皇子)

See also

Notes

Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. ↑ "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" at Kunaicho.go.jp; retrieved 2013-8-28.
  2. 1 2 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 反正天皇 (18); retrieved 2013-8-28.
  3. 1 2 Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 38.
  4. ↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 25;Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 257; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 112.
  5. ↑ Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture," Japanese Archaeology. 27 April 2009.
  6. ↑ Titsingh, pp. 34–36; Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124.
  7. ↑ Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei.
  8. ↑ Aston, William. (1896). Nihongi, pp. 109.
  9. 1 2 Aston, William. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 310–311.
  10. ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.

References

  • Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 448337491
  • Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
  • Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
  • Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Emperor Richū		 Emperor of Japan:
Hanzei
406–410
(traditional dates)		 Succeeded by
Emperor Ingyō
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