El Qutlugh Khatun

El Qutlugh Khatun was the daughter of Abaqa Khan (or Abagha Ilkhan (r. 1265–82)), the second Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate. Her story, included in Khalīl ibn Aybeg al-Ṣafadī's (around 1297-1363) bibliographic dictionary, sheds light on changing gender norms during the wide-spread conversion in the Ilkhanate to Islam.[1] Her story also depicts the status of women during the period.[2]

The Hajj

It is unclear how many women went on the Hajj during the pre-modern era. According to al-Ṣafadī', however, El Qutlugh was one of the women who did make the journey. Her travels were done on horseback (not in a palanquin fastened to a camel) with a quiver of arrows at her waist. Differences in her journey should be noted in comparison to the wives of senior Mamluk officials from the same period.[3]

Notes

  1. ↑ Brack, Yoni (July 2011). "A Mongol Princess Making hajj: The Biography of El Qutlugh Daughter of Abagha Ilkhan (r. 1265–82)". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 21 (3): 331–359. doi:10.1017/S1356186311000265.
  2. ↑ Lane, George (2006). Daily Life in the Mongol Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 245–247.
  3. ↑ Sayeed, Asma (2016). "Women and the Hajj". The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam: 74.
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