Eidothea hardeniana

Eidothea hardeniana
Nightcap Oak leaves at Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Subfamily: Proteoideae
Genus: Eidothea
Species: E. hardeniana
Binomial name
Eidothea hardeniana
P.H.Weston & Kooyman[2][3]

Eidothea hardeniana, commonly named Nightcap Oak, is a species of trees up to 40 m (130 ft) tall, of the plant family Proteaceae, which botanist Robert Kooyman recognised as a new species only recently in 2000.[2][4][5] The species has an official listing as critically endangered on the Australian Commonwealth EPBC Act and as Endangered on the NSW Threatened Species Act.[1][4] The name hardeniana honours the botanist Gwen Harden. Phylogenetics studies now suggest it represents a basal branch of the Proteoid clade of the Proteaceae.

Distribution and habitat

The trees are only known to grow naturally in a single creek catchment in warm temperate rainforest in the Nightcap Range, northern New South Wales, Australia. They grow naturally in relatively poor, acidic volcanic soils, in an area of a high rainfall. Only around 100 wild plants are known.[2][5] Plants are in cultivation, including in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.

Description

E. hardeniana trees have pale lichen covered bark typical of many species in the Warm Temperate Rainforests. Often a ring of coppice shoots surrounds the base of an adult tree, coppice and seedling leaves have spiny marginal teeth, while adult leaves have no teeth.[2]

Flowers are cream in clusters and smell of aniseed.

Fruits are large and rounded with a yellow green skin and a hard nut inside. The walls of the nut are ribbed, a feature unique to this genus in the family. The seed has a white center and it probably contains poisonous cyanogenic compounds like some species of Macadamia. These toxins do not deter rodents from eating through the hard nut and devouring the seeds, limiting the regeneration of this plant.

Flower photos

References

  1. 1 2 Eidothea hardeniana – Nightcap Oak, Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australia. Retrieved 14 Dec 2013
  2. 1 2 3 4 Weston, P. H.; Kooyman, R. M. (2002). "Systematics of Eidothea (Proteaceae), with the description of a new species, E. hardeniana, from the Nightcap Range, north-eastern New South Wales" (PDF). Telopea. 9: 821&ndash, 832. Retrieved 10 Nov 2013.
  3. ↑ "Eidothea hardeniana P.H.Weston & Kooyman". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 10 Nov 2013.
  4. 1 2 NSW Department of Environment and Conservation (2004). National Recovery Plan for the Nightcap Oak (Eidothea hardeniana). Hurstville, New South Wales: Department of Environment and Conservation. ISBN 0-7313-6781-2. Retrieved 10 Nov 2013.
  5. 1 2 Weston, P. H.; Kooyman, R. M. (2002). "Eidothea hardeniana- Botany and Ecology of the 'Nightcap Oak'". Australian Plants. Australian Plants Society. 21: 339&ndash, 342. Archived from the original on 2013-11-10.
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