Icosane

Icosane
Structural formula of icosane
Ball and stick model of the icosane molecule
Names
IUPAC name
Icosane[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1700722
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.653
EC Number 204-018-1
MeSH eicosane
UNII
Properties
C20H42
Molar mass 282.56 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless, waxy crystals
Odor Odorless
Melting point 36 to 38 °C; 97 to 100 °F; 309 to 311 K
Boiling point 343.1 °C; 649.5 °F; 616.2 K
log P 10.897
31 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Thermochemistry
602.5 J K−1 mol−1 (at 6.0 °C)
558.6 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oilHealth code 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g., sodium chlorideReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
1
0
0
Flash point > 113 °C (235 °F; 386 K)
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Icosane (alternative spelling eicosane) is an alkane with the chemical formula C20H42. It has 366,319 constitutional isomers.

Icosane has little use in the petrochemical industry, as its high flash point makes it an inefficient fuel. n-Icosane (the straight-chain structural isomer of icosane) is the shortest compound found in paraffin waxes used to form candles.

Icosane's size, state or chemical inactivity does not exclude it from the traits its smaller alkane counterparts have. It is a colorless, non-polar molecule, nearly unreactive except when it burns. It is less dense than and insoluble in water. Its non-polar trait means it can only perform weak intermolecular bonding (hydrophobic/van der Waals forces).

Icosane's phase transition at a moderate temperature makes it a candidate phase change material, or PCM which can be used to store thermal energy and control temperature.

Naming

IUPAC currently recommends icosane,[2] whereas Chemical Abstracts Service and Beilstein use eicosane.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "eicosane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  2. ↑ "Table 11 Basic numerical terms (multiplying affixes)". IUPAC. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  3. ↑ "Footnote for Table 11". IUPAC. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
  • Icosane at Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
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