Egon Wellesz

Photography by Georg Fayer (1927)

Egon Joseph Wellesz (Vienna, 21 October 1885 – Oxford, 9 November 1974) was an Austrian, later British composer, teacher and musicologist, notable particularly in the field of Byzantine music.

Life

Although both parents of Wellesz's were Hungarian Christians, they both had Jewish ancestry. He received a Protestant upbringing, but later converted to Catholicism. Wellesz studied in Vienna under Arnold Schoenberg – purportedly his first private pupil – as well as Guido Adler, who founded the musicological institute in Vienna and was a leading editor of the Austrian Denkmaler. These dual influences shaped much of his musical and scholarly thought. In 1913, Wellesz embarked upon what would become a lifelong interest in the musical achievements of Byzantium.

Wellesz left Austria for England in the wake of the Anschluss – more specifically, Wellesz was in Amsterdam at the time by good fortune, to hear his orchestral piece Prosperos Beschwörungen conducted by Bruno Walter on that day.[1] In England he was interned as an enemy alien, ultimately in Hutchinson Camp in the Isle of Man, but he gained his release in 1943 thanks to the intercession of H. C. Colles, the long-standing chief music critic of The Times.[2] Altogether he wrote nine symphonies and an equal number of string quartets, the former starting, in 1945,[3] only with his arrival in England and the latter series of works spread throughout his life. Other compositions by him include operas, one of which (Die Bakchantinnen) was revived and recorded a few years ago; an octet with the same instrumentation as Schubert's; piano and violin concertos (one of each); and a suite for violin and orchestra. Stylistically his earliest music, somewhat like that of Ernst Krenek, is in a harsh but recognisably tonal style; there is a definite second period of sorts around the time of the first two symphonies (1940s) in which his music has a somewhat Brucknerian sound – in the symphonies sometimes an equal breadth,[3] though still with something of a 20th-century feel and harmonies – but after his fourth symphony (the Austriaca) his music is more tonally vague in character, with serial techniques used. This idiom is consistent with hints of tonality, such as can be found in his eighth string quartet.

Grave of Egon Wellesz, his wife and other family members at the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna

Despite his composing, Wellesz remains best known for his extensive scholarly contributions to the study of Byzantine music. These contributions brought for him an honorary doctorate from Oxford (where he later taught) in 1932.

A portrait was made of Wellesz by Jean Cooke, who had been commissioned for the work by Lincoln College, University of Oxford.[4][5]

Compositions

Wellesz's works as a composer amount to at least 112 works with opus numbers as well as some 20 works without opus number. He busied himself in a variety of media.

Recently, interest in Wellesz's music has increased. A complete recording of his nine symphonies is available, although his music has generally been sparsely represented on CD or LP. His 3rd symphony (1950–1), published posthumously, received its world premiere in Vienna in 2000.[6] Several of his symphonies have titles, including the second (The English), and the seventh (Contra torrentum).

Works for stage

  • Das Wunder der Diana, op. 18 (1914–1917), ballet after Béla Balázs
  • Die Prinzessin Girnara, op. 27 (1919–1920), libretto by Jakob Wassermann
  • Persisches Ballett, op. 30 (1920), ballet after Ellen Tels
  • Achilles auf Skyros, op. 33 (1921), ballet after Hugo von Hofmannsthal
  • Alkestis, op. 35 (1924), Libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal after Euripides
  • Die Nächtlichen: Tanzsinfonien, op. 37 (1924), Ballet scene after Max Terpis
  • Die Opferung des Gefangenen, op. 40 (1924–1925), Stage drama after Eduard Stucken
  • Scherz, List und Rache, op. 41 (1927), libretto after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
  • Die Bakchantinnen, op. 44 (1931), libretto by the composer after Euripides, opera in 2 Acts
    • Hymne der Agave aus Die Bakchantinnen, op. 44, concert edition by Wellesz
  • Incognita, op. 69 (1950), libretto by Elizabeth MacKenzie and William Congreve

Choral works

  • Drei gemischte Chöre, op. 43 (1930), text: Angelus Silesius
  • Fünf kleine Männerchöre, op. 46 (1932) from Fränkischen Koran by Ludwig Derleth
  • Drei geistliche Chöre, op. 47 (1932) for men's chorus based on poems from Mitte des Lebens by Rudolf Alexander Schröder
  • Zwei Gesänge, op. 48 (1932) based on poems from Mitte des Lebens by Rudolf Alexander Schröder
  • Mass in F minor, op. 51 (1934)
  • Quant'è bella Giovinezza, op. 59 (1937), for women's choir
  • Carol, op. 62a (1944) for women's choir
  • Proprium Missae, Laetare, op. 71 (1953) for choir and organ
  • Kleine Messe in G major, op. 80a (1958) for three similar voices a capella
  • Alleluia, op. 80b (1958) for soprano or tenor solo
  • Laus Nocturna, op. 88 (1962)
  • Missa brevis, op. 89 (1963) for choir
  • To Sleep, op. 94 (1965) for choir
  • Festliches Präludium, op. 100 (1966) on a Byzantinium Magnificat for choir and organ

Orchestral works

  • Heldensang, op. 2 (1905), symphonic prologue for large orchestra
  • Vorfrühling, op. 12 (1912), symphonic mood picture for orchestra
  • Suite, op. 16 (1913), for orchestra
  • Mitte des Lebens, op. 45 (1931–32), cantata for soprano, choir, and orchestra
  • Piano Concerto, op. 49 (1933)
  • Amor Timido, op. 50 (1933), aria for soprano and small orchestra, text: Pietro Metastasio
  • Prosperos Beschwörungen, op. 53 (1934–36), five symphonic works for orchestra after William Shakespeares The Tempest
  • Lied der Welt, op. 54 (1936–38), for soprano and orchestra. Text: Hugo von Hofmannsthal
  • Leben, Traum und Tod, op. 55 (1936–37), for alto and orchestra. Text: Hugo von Hofmannsthal
  • Schönbüheler Messe C-dur, op. 58 (1937), for choir, orchestra, and organ
  • Symphony No. 1, op. 62 (1945)
  • Symphony No. 2, op. 65 (1947–48), The English
  • Symphony No. 3, op. 68 (1949–51)
  • Symphony No. 4, op. 70 (1951–53), Austriaca
  • Symphony No. 5, op. 75 (1955–56)
  • Violin concerto, op. 84 (1961), dedicated to the violinist Eduard Melkus. Recorded by David Frühwirth in 2010 on CD.
  • Four Songs of Return, op. 85 (1961), for soprano and chamber orchestra, after texts by Elizabeth Mackenzie
  • Duineser Elegie, op. 90 (1963) for soprano, choir, and orchestra after Rainer Maria Rilke
  • Ode an die Musik, op. 92 (1965) for baritone or alto and chamber orchestra, text: Pindar, in free adaptation of works by Friedrich Hölderlin
  • Symphony No. 6, op. 95 (1965)
  • Vision for soprano and orchester, op. 99 (1966), text: Georg Trakl
  • Mirabile Mysterium, op. 101 (1967) for soloist, choir, and Orchester
  • Symphony No. 7, op. 102 (1967–68), Contra torrentem
  • Canticum Sapientiae, op. 104 (1968) for baritone, choir, and orchestra after texts from the Old Testament
  • Divertimento, op. 107 (1969), for small orchestra
  • Symphonic Epilogue, op. 108 (1969)
  • Symphony No. 8, op. 110 (1970)
  • Symphony No. 9, op. 111 (1970–71)

Chamber music

  • String Quartet No. 1, op. 14 (1912)
  • String Quartet No. 2, op. 20 (1915–16)
  • Geistliches Lied, op. 23 (1918–19) for singing voice, violin, viola, and piano
  • String Quartet No. 3, op. 25 (1918)
  • String Quartet No. 4, op. 28 (1920)
  • Sonata for violoncello solo, op. 31 (1920)
  • Zwei Stücke for clarinet and piano, op. 34 (1922)
  • Sonata for violin solo, op. 36 (1923)
  • Suite for violin and chamber orchestra, op. 38 (1924)
  • Sonnet by Elizabeth Barrett-Browning for soprano and string quartet or large string ensemble, op. 52 (1934)
  • Suite for violoncello solo, op. 39 (1924)
  • Suite for violin and piano, op. 56 (1937/1957)
  • Suite for flute solo, op. 57 (1937)
  • String quartet No. 5, op. 60 (1943)
  • The Leaden Echo and the Golden Echo, cantata for soprano, clarinet, violoncello, piano, op. 61 (1944), text: Gerard Manley Hopkins
  • String Quartet No. 6, op. 64 (1946)
  • String Quartet No. 7, op. 66 (1948)
  • Octet, op. 67 (1948–49) for clarinet, bassoon, horn, two violins, viola, violoncello, and contrabass
  • Sonata for violin solo, op. 72 (1953/59)
  • Suite, op. 73 (1954) for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon
  • Suite for solo clarinet, op. 74 (1956)
  • Suite for solo oboe, op. 76 (1956)
  • Suite for solo bassoon, op. 77 (1957)
  • Fanfare for solo horn, op. 78 (1957)
  • String Quartet No. 8, op. 79 (1957)
  • Quintet, op. 81 (1959) for clarinet, 2 violins, viola, and violoncello
  • String trio, op. 86 (1962)
  • Rhapsody for viola solo, op. 87 (1962)
  • Musik for string orchestra in one movement, op. 91 (1964)
  • Fünf Miniaturen for violins and piano, op. 93 (1965)
  • Partita in Honor of Johann Sebastian Bach, op. 96 (1965) for organ
  • String Quartet No. 9, op. 97 (1966)
  • Four Pieces for string quartet, op. 103 (1968)
  • Four Pieces for string trio, op. 105 (1969, second version 1971)
  • Four Pieces for string quintet, op. 109 (1970)
  • Prelude for viola solo, op. 112 (1971)

Decorations and awards

Bibliography

  • Wellesz, Egon; Kerridge, W. H., translator (c. 1925). Arnold Schönberg. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. OCLC 23799320.
  • Wellesz, Egon (1960). New Oxford history of music 1. Ancient and oriental music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 174194430.
  • Wellesz, Egon (1961). A history of Byzantine music and hymnography. Clarendon Press. OCLC 3309386.
  • Wellesz, Egon (1965). Fux. London; New York: Oxford University Press. OCLC 302872.
  • Wellesz, Egon; Conomos, Dmitri; Velimirović, Miloš (1966). Studies in Eastern Chant. London; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-913836-79-6. OCLC 1126942.

References

  1. ↑ Krones, Hartmut (5 December 2001). "Notes to US Premiere of Wellesz Symphony 3". American Symphony Dialogues and Extensions. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  2. ↑ Amanda Holden remembers Egon Wellesz
  3. 1 2 Conway, Paul (June 1999). "An Austrian Symphonist in Britain". MusicWeb International. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  4. ↑ "Jean Cooke". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. 22 August 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  5. ↑ "Your Paintings: Jean Cooke paintings slideshow". BBC. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  6. ↑ Conway, Paul (July 2000). "The long-awaited world premiere of the third symphony triumphs in Vienna". MusicWeb International. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  7. ↑ http://www.sanu.ac.rs/English/Clanstvo/IstClan.aspx?arg=810

Further reading

  • Hans F. Redlich, "Egon Wellesz", in: The Musical Quarterly, XXVI (1940), 65–75.
  • Rudolph Reti, "Egon Wellesz, Musician and scholar", in: The Musical Quarterly, XLII (1956), 1–13.
  • Robert Scholium, Egon Wellesz, in: Österreichische Komponisten des XX. Jahrhunderts, vol. 2, Vienna: Elisabeth Lafite 1964.
  • Caroline Cepin Benser, Egon Wellesz (1885–1974): Chronicle of a Twentieth-Century Musician, New York: P. Lang, 1985 ISBN 0-8204-0138-2.
  • Otto Kolleritsch (ed.), Egon Wellesz, Studien zur Wertungsforschung, vol. 17, Graz and Vienna: Universal Edition 1986.
  • Lorenz Wedl, "Die Bacchantinnen" von Egon Wellesz oder das göttliche Wunder, Wien/Köln/Weimar, Böhlau 1992.
  • Harald Kaufmann, Gespräch mit Egon Wellesz, in: Harald Kaufmann, Von innen und außen. Schriften über Musik, Musikleben und Ästhetik, ed. by Werner Grünzweig and Gottfried Krieger. Wolke: Hofheim, 1993, pp. 181–182.
  • Knut Eckhardt, Das Verhältnis von Klangfarbe und Form bei Egon Wellesz, Göttingen: Edition Re, 1994.
  • David Symons, Egon Wellesz. Composer, Wilhelmshaven, Florian Noetzel 1996.
  • Marcus G. Patka/Michael Haas (eds.): Hans Gál und Egon Wellesz: Continental Britons. Ausstellung "Continental Britons – Hans Gál und Egon Wellesz des Jüdischen Museums der Stadt Wien vom 25. Februar – 2. Mai 2004 (= ''Musik des Aufbruchs''). Im Auftrag des Jüdischen Museums Wien. Vienna: Mandelbaum-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-85476-116-3.
  • Jürgen Maehder, Das Quiché-Drama »Rabinal Achí«, Brasseur de Bourbourg und das Tanzdrama »Die Opferung des Gefangenen« von Egon Wellesz, in: Peter Csobádi, Ulrich Müller, et al. (eds.), Das (Musik)-Theater in Exil und Diktatur und seine Rezeption. Vorträge und Gespräche des Salzburger Symposiums 2003, Anif/Salzburg: Müller-Speiser 2005, pp. 628-644.
  • Pietro Massa, Antikerezeption und musikalische Dramaturgie in »Die Bakchantinnen« von Egon Wellesz, in: Peter Csobádi, Ulrich Müller et al. (eds.), Das (Musik)-Theater in Exil und Diktatur und seine Rezeption. Vorträge und Gespräche des Salzburger Symposiums 2003, Anif/Salzburg: Müller-Speiser 2005, pp. 418-435.
  • Jörg Bierhance, The Observation of Form: The form analysis method of Constantin Bugeanu in reference to the 1st and 5th Symphonies of Egon Wellesz, Academia, 2018
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