Edwardsiella lineata
| Edwardsiella lineata | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Anthozoa |
| Order: | Actiniaria |
| Family: | Edwardsiidae |
| Genus: | Edwardsiella |
| Species: | E. lineata |
| Binomial name | |
| Edwardsiella lineata | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Edwardsiella lineata, the lined anemone, is a species of sea anemone in the family Edwardsiidae. It is native to the northwestern Atlantic Ocean where it occurs in the subtidal zone.
Description
E. lineata is a small, delicate-looking, white or brownish anemone with a length of up to 3.3 cm (1.3 in). It has forty tentacles and has acontia (threadlike defensive organs thrown out of the mouth or special pores when irritated). It lives in a slender mucous tube immersed in sediment.[3]
Distribution and habitat
E. lineata is native to shallow temperate waters in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, where it occurs between Cape Cod and Cape Hatteras.[2] It is typically found in rock crevices and on and under rocks in the sublitoral zone at depths to 20 m (66 ft), but can also be infaunal, burrowing in soft sediment. It sometimes occurs in large numbers.[4][5]
Biology
E. lineata has a simple internal structure and is unusual among sea anemones in that it can divide by transverse fission.[4] It can also reproduce sexually and the planula larva has recently evolved a partially parasitic lifestyle. The host is the pelagic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. On entering a host, the larva adopts a worm-like appearance and feeds on the contents of the host's gut. When sufficiently developed, or if the host dies, it exits the host and regains its planula larval form. If another host is available it can once again adopt the worm-like phase, but if no new host is available, it can settle on the seabed and undergo metamorphosis into a juvenile sea anemone polyp.[6] The planula larvae are sometimes the cause of a form of irritating dermatitis in humans known as "seabather's eruption".[7] When the larvae get trapped under swimwear they defend themselves by firing their venomous nematocysts into the skin, causing a red blotchy rash that may blister. No treatment is required, and the symptoms subside after a week or two.[8][9]
References
- ↑ Verrill, A.E.; Smith, S.I.; Harger, Oscar (1873). "Catalogue of the Marine Inveterate Animals of the Southern Coast of New England, and Adjacent Waters". In Spencer Fullerton Baird. Report on the Condition of the Sea Fisheries of the South Coast of New England in 1871 and 1872. Washington, D.C.: United States Fisheries Commission. pp. 537–747, 739.
- 1 2 Fautin, Daphne (2015). "Edwardsiella lineata (Verrill, 1873)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
- ↑ Pollock, Leland W. (1998). A Practical Guide to the Marine Animals of Northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8135-2399-6.
- 1 2 Shick, J. Malcolm (2012). A Functional Biology of Sea Anemones. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 253, 373. ISBN 978-94-011-3080-6.
- ↑ Martinez, Andrew J. (2003). Marine Life of the North Atlantic: Canada to New England. Aqua Quest Publications. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-881652-32-8.
- ↑ Lubinski, Tristan; Granger, Brian; McAnulty, Sarah. "About Edwardsiella lineata". EdwardsiellaBase. Archived from the original on 2017-06-13. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
- ↑ Bonamonte, Domenico; Angelini, Gianni (2016). Aquatic Dermatology: Biotic, Chemical and Physical Agents. Springer International. pp. 56–57. ISBN 978-3-319-40615-2.
- ↑ Busam, Klaus J. (2009). Dermatopathology E-Book: A Volume in the Series: Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 183. ISBN 1-4557-0597-7.
- ↑ Craft, Noah; Fox, Lindy P.; Goldsmith, Lowell A.; Papier, Art; Birnbaum, Ron; Mercurio, Mary Gail (2011). VisualDx: Essential Adult Dermatology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 312. ISBN 978-1-4511-4828-2.