Eastern Bloc of the FARC-EP

The Eastern Bloc of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, from September 2010 known as Bloque Comandante Jorge Briceño, in honour of the slain guerrilla leader,[1] was considered to be the strongest military faction of the guerrilla group. It was divided into groups of 50-400 combatants in each group, which patrolled and controlled different areas of Colombia's Eastern and Central-Eastern territory, as well as helped to carry out the killings, taxation, and arrests necessary to advance the organization's financial and political goals.

The specific divisions of the group are arguable. Some of the believed divisions or 'fronts', as they were commonly called, are shown below. Many of these fronts sometimes worked together towards a certain mission, while others were further divided into 'columns' and 'companies' with a smaller number of members. For more general information see FARC Chain of Command.

Commanders

This group of commanders was called the "EMBO" (Estado Mayor del Bloque Oriental).

AliasNameNote
El Médico Mauricio JaramilloWilson Valderrama Cano, Jaime Alberto ParraCommands Bloque Jorge Briceño[2]
Germán Briceño Suárez, "Grannobles"Noé Suárez Rojas [3]
Jorge Briceño Suárez, "Mono Jojoy"Víctor Julio Suárez Rojas [4]Commander of FARC's military wing, killed by the Colombian army, on September 22, 2010, during the bombing of his camps.
Carlos Antonio Lozada [5]Injured by a Colombian army attack in August 2007.[6]
"Romaña"Henry Castellanos Garón [7]
"Manuel" or "Pata Palo"Pablo Emilio RodríguezAfter the death of "Mono Jojoy", he took over the finances of the Eastern Bloc, under the orders of his brother Noe Suarez Rojas, alias "Grannobles". Captured in April 2011.[8]
Andrés París[9]
AlexandraTanja Nijmeijer[10]
"Brian", "Braian", or "Brayan"Fardy Edilson Para ParraInvolved in extortion on behalf of FARC. He belonged to the front 27, 31, 40 and 53, respectively. Captured on September 2, 2011.[11][12]

1st Front

Also known as the Armando Ríos Front, it was composed of around to 400 people.[13] It operated mostly in the Guaviare Department.

AliasNameNote
Reynaldo [14]
CésarGerardo Aguilar Ramírez [15]Arrested in 2008 during Operation Jaque.[16]
Doris AdrianaLuz Dary CondeArrested in 2008.[17]
AlfredoHanded himself over to the Army in April 2010 with "Jair" and a hostage girl.
JairHanded himself over to the Army in April 2010 with "Alfredo" and a hostage girl.

7th Front

Also known as the Jacobo Prías Alape Front, it was composed of up to 400 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department.

AliasNameNote
NancyAstrid Conte GutierrezOne of the leaders of the Front, captured in June 2012.[18]

10th Front

Also known as the Guadalupe Salcedo Front, it was composed of up to 300 people.[19] It operated mostly in the Arauca Department.

Several police officers infiltrated one of the FARC’s 10th front camp in early 2008, preparing an attack on the camp by a police squadron. The attack came on July 29, killing 'Jurga Jurga', FARC commander and friend of FARC head ‘Mono Jojoy’. The ground offensive was follow by an airforce attack, killing 20 guerrillas, unofficial sources said. On October 22, 2011, members of the front killed 10 Colombians soldiers in an ambush in Arauca.[20] On March 17, 2012, alleged members of the 10th front killed 11 members of the Colombian army. Security forces launched an offensive few days after the attack: on March 20, 3 alleged member of the FARC are killed and 4 captured by the army. On March 21, 33 FARC members were allegedly killed and 5 others captured.[21]

AliasNameNote
"El Marrano"Carlos Julio ÁvilaAccused of executing three US citizens in 1999.[22]
"Jurga Jurga"Killed by Colombian security forces on July 29, 2008 [23]
"Camilo Tuerto"Captured by Colombian security forces on April 11, 2009. Also second in command for the Reinel Mendez Company.[24]
"Lorena"Captured on May 16, 2010, member of the Reinel Mendez Company.[25]
"Milton Díaz"Jhon Javier Ariza GilAlso second in command for the Mobile Column Afonso Castellanos. Killed by Colombian security forces in August, 2010 [26]
"Fabian"Killed by Colombian security forces on October 8, 2010,[27][28] he had replaced "Milton".
"Katerine"María Johana Arias JáureguiKilled by Colombian security forces on October 8, 2010 [27][28] She was lover of alias "Grannobles".
"Viviana"Alleged guerrilla girlfriend of 10th Front commander "Efren". Wounded and captured in July 2011.[29]
"Perico"One of the head front commander, captured on October 25.[20]
"MisaelSecond front commander. Killed on March 21st, 2012.
"Carracho"Danielo BenavidezFinancial and logistical head of the front. Captured on August 18, 2012.[19]
"Yudi"Alleged "Carracho" daughter. Medics of the front. Captured on August 18, 2012.[19]
"David" and "Chocha Linda"William Alexander Salazar AcostaFront commander. Killed on September 23, 2012.[30]

16th Front

Also known as the Jose A. Paez Front, it was composed of up to 300 people. It operated mostly in the Vichada Department.

AliasNameNote
Guillermo [14]
"El Negro Acacio"Tomás Medina CaracasKilled in 2007.[31]
Gentil Alvis Patiño, "El Chigüiro"Juan José Martínez VegaCaptured in Venezuela in 2005.
"Octavio Cocopi"Killed on January 1, 2011.[32]

22nd Front

Also known as the Simón Bolívar Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department.

AliasNameNote
HugoWílmer Antonio Marín CanoCaptured in 2003.[33]
"Géner Lara Muñoz", "Lucio" or "Lucio 40"Néstor Ramírez MuñozHe is a nephew of Luis Alberto Morantes, alias "Jacobo Arenas" (Founder and leader of FARC). Captured in April 2011.[8][34]
JudithPaola Andrea ArévaloCaptured in April 2011.[8][34]

26th Front

Also known as the Hermogenes Maza Front, it was composed of up to 130 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department. As of 2011 this front operated in La Uribe, Vista Hermosa, La Macarena and other municipalities.[35][36]

AliasNameNote
Hugo Sandóval RuizÁngel Oviedo YaraKilled in 2007.[37]
HermidasWálter Flórez CandilCaptured in 2004.
Pablo NerudaFabián Bedoya SalamancaCaptured on April 10, 2010.
KevinDemobilized in April 2010.
GabinoDemobilized in April 2010.
"Jaime Guey" or "Guaimaro"Captured in April 2010, by the Police in Engativá (Cundinamarca).

27th Front

It was composed of up to 500 people and operated mostly in the Meta Department.

AliasNameNote
Arcesio NiñoKilled on 22-03-12.[38]
EfrénLuis Eduardo López Méndez
"Jhon 40"Gener García Molina
"El médico" or "el tío"Elver Uriel RodriguezCaptured on March 27, 2008[39][40]
El PijaRodrigo Gaitán RincónCaptured on April 5, 2010.
PitufoBertulfo Caicedo GarzónCaptured. Jailed in the Cómbita prison.
MarielaHanded herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]

28th Front

Also known as the José María Córdoba Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Casanare and Boyacá Departments.

AliasNameNote
Julián ArévaloAristipo Aponte AlvaradoKilled in April 2014.[42]
Alberto GuevaraJosé Nelson GarzónCaptured in 2003.
PirinoloAlexánder BeltránWarder of the US hostages Gonsalves, Stansell and Howes. Captured in February 2011.[43]

31st Front

This front was composed by up to 120 combatants and operated mostly in the Meta Department. Its activity diminished notoriously after its head, Duván Alberto Cartagena, was captured.[36]

38th Front

Also known as the Ciro Trujillo Castaño Front, it was composed of up to 100 people. It operated mostly in the Casanare and the Boyacá Departments.

AliasNameNote
RogelioFront leader[44]
KarenBodyguard of Efraín Méndez, killed in April 2012[45]
SandraBodyguard of Efraín Méndez, killed in April 2012[45]
SucreBodyguard of Efraín Méndez, killed in April 2012[45]
YaírFélix Antonio Lara CifuentesCaptured in 2004.

39th Front

Also known as the Joaquin Ballen Front, it was composed of anything between 40 and 300 people. It operated mostly in the Vichada Department. The front was led by El Cadete.[46]

AliasNameNote
"Jacinto", "El Danto"Killed in 2003.
"El Topo"Octavio RuizEarlier he had belonged to the 16th Front. Killed on August 10, 2010.[47]

40th Front

Also known as the Jacobo Arenas Front, it was composed of up to 350 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department.

AliasNameNote
"El Flaco Iván"Rodrigo Alberto Salazar MontoyaCaptured in 2005.
ChuchoGilberto de Jesús Jaramillo AriasCaptured in 2005.
Tocayo, El NegroDemobilized in April 2010. (Son of John Freddy Balcázar alias “El Negro Antonio”)
SantiagoHanded himself over to the Army in July 2010.[48]
CaballoDemobilized on October 26, 2010.[49][50]

42nd Front

Also known as the Combatientes de Cundinamarca Front, it was composed of up to 110 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department.

AliasNameNote
Javier JotaFront leader since February 2012. Killed in March 2012.[38]
Eduardo RobayoWilson Correa TrujilloFront leader since May 2011. Killed in February 2012.[51]
Mono JojoyVictor Rojas SuarezFront leader, killed in May 2011.[51]
"El Campesino"José Nerup Reyes PeñaKilled in 2007.
"Serrucho"Pedro León GarcíaCaptured in 2003.

43rd Front

It was composed of up to 300 people and operated mostly in the Meta Department.

AliasNameNote
"John 40"Gener García MolinaBelieve to be wounded after police attack in September 2008 [52]
EfrénLuis Eduardo López Méndez

44th Front

Also known as the Antonio Ricaurte Front, it was composed of up to 350 people. It operated mostly in the Meta Department.

AliasNameNote
MiguelLuis Fernando Bustos
Albeiro CórdobaÉlmer Mata CaviedesKilled in 2005.
"Ciro Pereza", "Ciro Cañón"Handed himself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
DemarisHanded herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
BriceldaHanded herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
"Ricardo Pompis"Handed himself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
OmarHanded himself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]
AngieKilled in combat on October 28, 2010.[41]

45th Front

Also known as the Atanasio Girardot Front, it was composed of up to 150 people. It operated mostly in the Boyacá and Norte de Santander Departments.

AliasNameNote
Rafael GutierrezLuis Eduardo Marín
"Che"Jesús María PiedrahitaKilled in 2005.

51st Front

Also known as the Jaime Pardo Leal Front, it was composed of up to 80 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department.[53]

AliasNameNote
"R1"Second in commandKIA on August 15, 2011.[54]
"Hermides", "El Quemado"José Parménides CastroCaptured in 2002.
Pedro OrjuelaExplosive expert. Captured on May 5, 2011.[55]
"Indio" or "César"Neil Russel González GaraySecond commander of this front. He was under direct orders of alias "Mono Jojoy". Captured in September, 2011.[56][57][58]

52nd Front

Also known as the Juan de la Cruz Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca and Boyacá Department]]s.[36]

AliasNameNote
"El Zarco"Manuel SierraAlso commands 53rd Front.
Arcesio AngarillaKilled in 2004.

53rd Front

Also known as the Jose A. Anzoategui Front, it was composed of up to 120 people. It operated mostly in the Meta and Cundinamarca Departments.

AliasNameNote
"El Zarco"Manuel SierraAlso commands 52nd Front.
"Romaña"Henry Castellanos GarzónCommander of several FARC Fronts.
EliécerBertulfo GarcíaCaptured in 2005.
DionildeHanded herself to the Army on October 28, 2010.[41]

54th Front

Also known as the Angel Bonilla, it was composed of up to 50 militants. It operated mainly in the Meta Department.[59]

AliasNameNote
Flaminio GómezJesús Vargas GamboaKilled in 2002.
SilverioSalvador Vargas LeónKilled in 2003.

55th Front

Also known as the Teófilo Forero Front, it was composed of around 150 militants,[60] although the members of its urban network were much greater. It operated mostly in the Cundinamarca Department, and was considered the FARC's base in Bogotá. It was considered responsible for much of the terrorist activity that occurred in and around the capital.

AliasNameNote
Nelson RoblesJulio Enrique Rincón Rico
RubénArmando Barbosa Tovar
PatriciaDemobilized in April 2010.
ConejoDemobilized in April 2010.
El FlacoDemobilized in April 2010.
ChañoDemobilized in April 2010.
Luz DaryMaryuri SáenzKilled in April 2010.
“Efren” or “Patequeso”Marco Elvis Patiñosecond-in-command, captured in July 2012.[61]

56th Front

It was composed by up to 80 people and operated mostly in the Casanare and Boyacá Departments.

AliasNameNote
Jerónimo AljureJorge Eliécer Jiménez MartínezCaptured in 2004.

62nd Front

Also known as the Yarí Front. Operated in the Meta Department. On February 14, 2012, alias Dumar, his lover alias Gisella and two other rebels were killed by the army. Four other have been captured.[62]

AliasNameNote
Victor TiradoRigoberto LozanoFirst commander.[63]
DumarKilled on February 14, 2012.[62]
YiraDevora Meza VelazcoShe was third commander and chief of finance of this front. Killed in September 2011.[64][65]

Antonio Nariño Front

It was an urban network composed of up to 50 individuals, and operated in Bogotá.

AliasNameNote
Negro AntonioBernardo Mosquera MachadoArrested in 2009.
ChuchoJose Marvel ZamoraArrested in 2008.
La MonaLuz Delia Hincapié GaviriaArrested on October 20, 2010, while she was overseeing a car bomb preparation.[66]

Urías Rondón Front

AliasNameNote
"Elver Patón"Néstor Raúl González RestrepoFifth head of the Urías Rondón Front and its chief financial officer. Arrested on September 24, 2011.[67][68]
NayibeEdna Margarita Lozada ForeroPart of the security ring of alias "Elver Patón". Arrested on September 24, 2011.[67][68]
Sebastián Castaño MojicaPart of the security ring of alias "Elver Patón". Arrested on September 24, 2011.[67][68]

Columns and Companies

The following columns and companies also were part of the Eastern Bloc:

  • Compañía Marquetalia: Formed in January 2011. Operated in the Meta department. 54 members. According to a report in El Espectador, the column's medics treated the local population, providing basic health services where the state presence was nonexistent.[69]
  • Mobile Column Alfonso Castellanos: Faction of the 10th front, composed by up to 120 members. Operated in the Arauca Department. His leader, "Gabino", was killed on August 24, 2008 by the Colombian Military. The second-in-command, John Javier Ariza Gil, alias "Milton Diaz, has been killed on August 19, 2010 .
  • Mobile Column Juan José Rondón: It was composed by up to 250 members and operated mostly in the Guaviare Department. Its last known leader, Octavio Salamanca, alias "Urias Cuéllar", was killed in 2001.
  • Special Forces: It is composed by up to 80 men and operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.
  • Company Reinel Méndez: It was composed by up to 80 men and operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.
  • Company Esteban Ramírez: It was composed by up to 80 men and operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.
  • Company Manuela Beltrán: It was composed by up to 50 men and operated in the Cundinamarca Department. Its leader, Neftaly Murcia Vargas, known as “Camilo Tabaco”, was killed on September 3, 2008, according to the Colombian Army.[52]
  • Company Abelardo Romero: It is composed by up to 40 men and operates in the Cundinamarca Department. On March 26, 2012, tens of member of the front were killed by an offensive of the army including the Company leader "Alonso Rivas".[38] Yesid Borracho, the successor of Alonso Rivas, was killed on July 30.[70]
  • Company Joaquín Ballén: It was composed by up to 140 men and operated in the Cundinamarca Department.
  • Company Che Guevara: Faction of the Eastern and Caribbean Blocs, composed by up to 120 members. Operated in what used to be the demilitarized zone.

See also

Colombian conflict (1964–present)

Participants

Timeline

Key aspects

• La Violencia (1948–1958)
• Marquetalia Republic
• The National Front
• Dominican Embassy (1980)
• Palace of Justice (1985)
• Patriotic Union Party extermination
• Humanitarian exchange
• Mapiripán Massacre (1997)
• Peace process (1999–2002)
• Bojayá massacre (2002)
• Valle del Cauca Deputies
hostage crisis (2002–2009)
• El Nogal Club bombing (2003)
• Parapolitics scandal (2006–7)
• Operation Emmanuel
• "False positives" scandal
• Andean diplomatic crisis (2008)
• Operation Jaque (2008)
• Operation Fenix (2008)
• Nariño massacres (2009)
• 2013 Colombian clashes
• Peace process (2012–present)
• Peace agreement referendum (2016)
Guerrillas
 Government of Colombia Paramilitaries

Former government program
• CONVIVIR

Linked to
• DynCorp International
•  United Nations
•  United States
•  European Union
•  Canada

• Águilas Negras
• Los Rastrojos
• The Clan Úsuga

Former paramilitaries
• AUC
• AAA

Linked to
• Spearhead Ltd
• Colombian drug cartels
• CONVIVIR
• Some Colombian
military personnel
• Some politicians

Notes

  1. ↑ "ezcapの使い方｜ezcapの使い方をわかりやすく解説". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  2. ↑ http://www.insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/763-farcs-doctor-asserts-command-in-eastern-colombia
  3. ↑ US Department of State. "Noe Suarez Rojas" Available online. Accessed January 23, 2008.
  4. ↑ US Department of State. "Victor Julio Suarez Rojas" Available online. Accessed January 23, 2008.
  5. ↑ US Department of State. "Luis Antonio Lozada" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  6. ↑ El Tiempo. "Ejército atacó campamento de Carlos Antonio Lozada" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  7. ↑ US Department of State. "Henry Castellanos Garzon" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  8. 1 2 3 "Policía Nacional de Colombia". Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  9. ↑ "Secretos sobre estado actual de 'Jojoy' y las Farc se hallaron en cuevas del Meta donde se escondía". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  10. ↑ "Dutch guerrilla leading FARC forces: Activist". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  11. ↑ Alex Emery (3 September 2011). "Colombian Rebels Planned to Extort Microsoft, Nike, Santos Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  12. ↑ "YouTube". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  13. ↑ http://insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/556-drug-trafficking-gang-reportedly-sharing-manpower-with-farc
  14. 1 2 El Espectador. "La nueva estrategia de ‘Cano’" Available Online. Accessed September 28, 2008.
  15. ↑ Las voces del secuestro. "El poder del guerrillero que entregó al niño Emmanuel" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  16. ↑ BBC News. "How the Colombian hostages were freed" Available online
  17. ↑ El Tiempo. "Capturada alias 'Doris Adriana', del primer frente de las Farc, anunció el comandante del Ejército" Available online. Accessed February 2, 2008.
  18. ↑ "Police capture 'key FARC member' in Bogota". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  19. 1 2 3 "'FARC' commander captured in Bogota". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  20. 1 2 "Army captures FARC boss suspected of deadly ambush". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  21. ↑ "Golpe a Farc en Arauca, primer resultado del nuevo plan de las FF. MM". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  22. ↑ Colombia Support. "Colombian Rebels Confess To Killing 3 Americans" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  23. ↑ Available online.
  24. ↑ Available online.
  25. ↑ Available online.
  26. ↑ Available online.
  27. 1 2 Available online.
  28. 1 2
  29. ↑ "Colombia cannot confirm death of FARC commander in Sunday attack". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  30. ↑ "Army kills ringleader of FARC's 10th front". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  31. ↑ El Tiempo. "'Raúl Reyes' admitió que el 'Negro Acacio', jefe del frente 16 de las Farc, está muerto" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  32. ↑ "Muere en combate segundo cabecilla de la cuadrilla 16 de las Farc" Available online. Accessed January 2, 2011.
  33. ↑ El Mundo. "Detienen en Colombia a 'Hugo', el 'zar del secuestro' en las FARC" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  34. 1 2 "Vanguardia Valledupar - Gracias por todo". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  35. ↑ "Archivo Digital: Noticias Principales de Colombia y el Mundo en Digital e Impreso - Noticias - ELTIEMPO.COM". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  36. 1 2 3 http://www.cambio.com.co/portadacambio/752/ARTICULO-PRINTER_FRIENDLY-PRINTER_FRIENDLY_CAMBIO-3836911.html
  37. ↑ Comando General Fuerzas Militares de Colombia. "Muere en combate autor material del secuestro del ex gobernador del Meta Alan Jara" Available online. Accessed January 24, 2008.
  38. 1 2 3 "'FARC has suffered 2 historic blows': Santos - Colombia News - Colombia Reports". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  39. ↑ "Noticias, Deportes y Análisis de Colombia - Caracol Radio". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  40. ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El. "Archivo Digital: Noticias Principales de Colombia y el Mundo en Digital e Impreso - El Tiempo". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  42. ↑ "Dos guerrileros muertos en operaciones militares en Arauca y Casanare". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  43. ↑ http://m.eltiempo.com/justicia/cae-carcelero-de-los-tres-estadounidenses-secuestrados-por-las-farc/8901060/1/home
  44. ↑ "Mindefensa ordena ofensiva contra las Farc - ELESPECTADOR.COM". ElEspectador. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  45. 1 2 3 "Senior 'FARC' rebel killed in northeastern Colombia - Colombia News - Colombia Reports". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  46. ↑ "Archivo Digital: Noticias Principales de Colombia y el Mundo en Digital e Impreso - Noticias - ELTIEMPO.COM". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  47. ↑ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  48. ↑ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  49. ↑ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  50. ↑ http://elnuevosiglo.com.co/nacion/orden-publico/19801-escapo-de-las-farc-para-evitar-que-su-hijo-fuera-reclutado.html
  51. 1 2 "FARC commander killed in military offensive". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  52. 1 2 "Colombia News - Colombia Reports". Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  53. ↑ "Muere guerrillero que promovía regreso de Farc al centro de Colombia". eltiempo.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  54. ↑ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  55. ↑ "Capturado explosivista del frente 51 de las Farc". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  56. ↑ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  57. ↑ "Capturan Alias Indio Cabecilla Guerrillero Farc en Semana.com". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  58. ↑ "Fuerza Aérea Colombiana". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  59. ↑ "Capturan a alias 'Camilo', segundo cabecilla del frente 54 de las Farc". ElEspectador. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  60. ↑ "Las Farc buscan recuperar ruta en el Huila". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  61. ↑ "'FARC member' responsible for Betancourt's security during kidnapping captured - Colombia News - Colombia Reports". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  62. 1 2 "Colombia army kills FARC front commander". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  63. ↑ "Capturados Diez Integrantes del Frente Yari Farc Cercanos Mono Jojoy en Semana.com". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  64. ↑ Micrositios Content Manager. "Contacto - Ejercito Nacional de Colombia". Ejrcito Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  65. ↑ http://www.diariodelhuila.com/noticia/18875
  66. ↑ "Policía Nacional de Colombia". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  67. 1 2 3 http://www.cgfm.mil.co/CGFMPortal/faces/index.jsp?id=9836
  68. 1 2 3 http://www.lanacion.com.co/2011/09/27/capturado-jefe-de-finanzas-del-bloque-oriental-de-las-farc/
  69. ↑ "Las Farc desde adentro, modelo 2011". ElEspectador. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  70. ↑ "Local 'FARC leader' killed in central Colombia - Colombia News - Colombia Reports". Colombia News - Colombia Reports. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
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