Early medieval states in Kazakhstan

During the earlier medieval period, a succession of mainly Turkic states ruled in the area of present-day Kazakhstan.

№ State Establishment and fall
Capital Territory People Language
1 Turkic Khaganate 552-603 Suyab Altay, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Mongolia, Northern China Göktürks, Teleuts, Kipchaks, Khazars, Yenisei Kirghiz, Sogdian. Old Turkic
2 Western Turkic Khaganate 603-704 Suyab Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Caucasia, Eastern Turkestan, Crimea, coast of Volga Göktürks, Kipchaks, Khazars, Wusun, Kangju, Turgesh. Old Turkic
3 Turgesh Khaganate 704-756 Suyab Zhetysu Region Göktürks Old Turkic
4 Karluk Khanate 756-940 Suyab, Balasagun Zhetysu Region, Southern Kazakhstan Karluks Karluk
5 Pechenegs 659-750 Sary-Arka Pechenegs Old Turkic
6 Khazar Khaganate 650-969 Samandar, Atil Western Kazakhstan, coast of Volga, Northern Caucasia, Crimea Khazars, Bulgars, Alans, Hungarians, Burtas, Eastern Slavs Khazarian
7 Kimaks 750-1035 Imakia, Karantia or Hakan-Kimak Sary-Arka Kimaks, Kipchaks Turkic
8 Oghuz Yabgu State 756-1055 Yangikent Western Kazakhstan, coast of Aral Sea Oghuz Turkic
9 Karluks 960-1224 Koyluk Zhetysu Region Karluks Karluk
10 Karakhanid Khanate 942-1212 Balasagun Zhetysu Region, Eastern Turkestan, Transoxiana Karakhanids, Karluks Karluk
11 Kara-Khitan Khanate 1128-1213 Balasagun Zhetysu Region, Eastern Turkestan, Transoxiana Karluks, Khitans Karluk
12 Khwarazmian dynasty 1097-1231 Konye-Urgench Southern Kazakhstan, Transoxiana, Khorasan, Iran Cumans, Persians, Turkmens Karluk
13 Naiman Khanate 1210-1218 Balasagun Zhetysu Region Naimans Karluk
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