Dunoon Castle

Dunoon Castle
Castle Hill Dunoon - geograph.org.uk - 995906
General information
Status No longer standing
Location Argyll and Bute, Scotland
Address Castle Gardens
Town or city Dunoon
Country Scotland, United Kingdom
Coordinates 55°56′44″N 4°55′26″W / 55.945599°N 4.9238077°W / 55.945599; -4.9238077, National grid reference NS 04064 91102

Dunoon Castle is a ruined castle located at Dunoon on the Cowal peninsula in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The castle sat upon a cone-shaped hill of about 80 feet high, a volcanic plug. Very little remains of the castle's structure today.

The remains of the castle, and a surrounding area, are a scheduled monument.[1][2]

The castle was a royal residence in the 14th century, and in the 17th century fell into ruins.[3]

13th–15th century

The castle is first recorded in the thirteenth century.[4] It may have been constructed in the context of the Stewarts increasing authority in Cowal.[5]

In 1333 Dunoon Castle was besieged and taken by John Baliol, who surrendered it to Edward I of England.[6] An insurrection ensued, driving Baliol out of Scotland. Robert the Steward, later King Robert I of Scotland, arrived in Cowal and, with the help of Colin Campbell of Lochow, retook the castle.[7]

By the 15th century it was a royal castle with the Campbells as hereditary keepers.[8]

16th century

Dunoon Castle engraving by William Miller after W Brown

In 1544 Dunoon Castle was besieged by Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox. Having eighteen ships and 800 soldiers provided by Henry VIII of England, Lennox succeeded in taking the Castles of Dunoon and Rothesay. Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll, was driven out, sustaining great loss.[9]

In 1563, Mary, Queen of Scots stayed at the castle while visiting her half-sister, Jean Stewart, Countess of Argyll, and granted several charters during her visit.[10]

17th century

In 1646 occurred the Dunoon Massacre in which the Campbells slaughtered men, women, children, and infants of Clan Lamont.[11] After the restoration of the episcopacy under Charles II, Dunoon became the residence of the bishops of Argyll for a time.[12] The castle was destroyed during the Earl of Argyll's rebellion against James VII and II in 1685.

20th century

During World War I and II, military fortifications were established at Dunoon Castle for the defense of the River Clyde and the shipbuilding industry.[13]

References

  1. ↑ http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/document/600002875
  2. ↑ http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/SM5450
  3. ↑ "Dunoon Castle". CANMORE. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  4. ↑ Atkinson, JA; Photos-Jones, E; Roberts, J; Rutherford, A; Smith, C (2000). "Excavation of 10th-Century Burials at Chapelhall, Innellan, Argyll, 1994" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 130: 651&ndash, 676 – via Archaeology Data Service.
  5. ↑ Dawson, JEA (1995). "Argyll: The Enduring Heartland". Scottish Historical Review. 74 (1): 75&ndash, 98. doi:10.3366/shr.1995.74.1.75. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241. JSTOR 25530662 – via JSTOR. (Subscription required (help)). , page 90.
  6. ↑ Macdonald, Hugh (1878). Days at the coast : a series of sketches descriptive of the Firth of Clyde, its watering places, its scenery, and its associations. Glasgow: Dunn. p. 349. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  7. ↑ Colegate, John (1868). Colegate's Guide to Dunoon, Kirn, and Hunter's Quay (2nd ed.). Dunoon. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  8. ↑ Atkinson, JA; Photos-Jones, E; Roberts, J; Rutherford, A; Smith, C (2000). "Excavation of 10th-Century Burials at Chapelhall, Innellan, Argyll, 1994" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 130: 651&ndash, 676 – via Archaeology Data Service.
  9. ↑ Colegate. Colegate's Guide. p. 21.
  10. ↑ Colegate. Colegate's Guide. p. 22.
  11. ↑ Colegate. Colegate Guides. pp. 21–22.
  12. ↑ Colegate. Colegate's Guide. pp. 22–23.
  13. ↑ "Clyde Defences, Dunoon, Castle Gardens, Dunoon Battery". Canmore. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
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