Dual naming

Dual naming is the adoption of an official place name that combines two earlier names, usually to resolve a disagreement over which of the two individual names is most appropriate. Sometimes the two individual names are from different languages. In several countries dual naming is used where a native people and a colonial settler community have used different names, for example the Denali naming dispute in the US.

In Australia, a dual naming policy is used to name landmarks that are of significance to the Indigenous Australians, but for which the most common name is European.[1] For example, the landmark with the indigenous name Uluru and European name Ayers Rock is now officially named Uluru / Ayers Rock.[2]

Similarly, some places in New Zealand have dual Maori and English names, such as Aoraki/Mount Cook.[3] The practice of officially giving certain New Zealand places dual names began in the 1920s,[4] but dual names have become much more common in the 1990s and 2000s, in part due to Treaty of Waitangi settlements.[3]

"Derry/Londonderry" has been used unofficially to circumvent the Derry/Londonderry name dispute, in which Irish nationalists used "Derry" and Ulster unionists use "Londonderry" for the city and county in Northern Ireland. The "Derry stroke Londonderry" spoken form of this has in turn engendered the city's nickname "Stroke City".

In Romania, the city of Cluj was renamed Cluj-Napoca for political reasons in the 1970s, as the communist government wanted to emphasize the city's Roman origins.[5]

Another example of the phenomenon can be seed in the name of the capital of the Spanish Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz. This combines the city's Spanish name of Vitoria and Basque name of Gasteiz.

The official names of bilingual areas of Alsace, France, and Switzerland also apply. For instance, the German and French Swiss town of Biel/Bienne is the combination of its German name (Biel) and its French name (Bienne).

In Finland, many towns have two names, one in Finnish and one in Swedish (the two official languages of the country). The two names are considered equally correct but are not used as a formal duality of names.

A special problem occurs when the landmark lies on the border between two (or more) countries, for example Mount Everest has several different locally-used names.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Principles for the Consistent Use of Place Names" (PDF). Permanent Committee on Place Names, Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping. October 2016. pp. 9, 19. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  2. ↑ "Dual Naming". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Frameworks of the New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa Version 3" (PDF). October 2010. pp. 40–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
  4. ↑ "Protocol for Mäori Place Names" (PDF). New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa. 14 August 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  5. ↑ George W. White (1999). "Transylvania:Hungarian, Romanian, or Neither?". In Herb, Guntram Henrik; David H. Kaplan. Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 275. ISBN 0-8476-8467-9. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
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