Dsup

Dsup (contraction of damage suppressor) is a DNA-associating protein, unique to the tardigrade, that suppresses the occurrence of DNA breaks by radiation.[1][2][3][4] Dsup suppresses X-ray-induced DNA damage by approximately 40% and improves tolerance to radiation.[4]

Tardigrades can withstand 1,000 times more radiation than other animals,[5] median lethal doses of 5,000 Gy (of gamma rays) and 6,200 Gy (of heavy ions) in hydrated animals (5 to 10 Gy could be fatal to a human).[6] The only explanation found in earlier experiments for this ability was that their lowered water state provides fewer reactants for ionizing radiation.[6] However, subsequent research found that tardigrades, when hydrated, still remain highly resistant to shortwave UV radiation in comparison to other animals, and that one factor for this is their ability to efficiently repair damage to their DNA resulting from that exposure.[7]

The Dsup protein has been tested on other animal cells. Using a culture of human cells that express the Dsup protein, it was found that after X-ray exposure the cells had fewer DNA breaks than control cells.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Hashimoto, T; Kunieda, T (2017). "DNA Protection Protein, a Novel Mechanism of Radiation Tolerance: Lessons from Tardigrades". Life (Basel). 7. doi:10.3390/life7020026. PMC 5492148. PMID 28617314.
  2. 1 2 Turk, Victoria (20 September 2016). "Scientists Identify Gene That Protects Tardigrades From Radiation". Vice. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  3. ↑ Tauger, Nathan; Gill, Victoria (20 September 2016). "Survival secret of 'Earth's hardiest animal' revealed". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
  4. 1 2 Hashimoto, Takuma; et al. (20 September 2015). "Extremotolerant tardigrade genome and improved radiotolerance of human cultured cells by tardigrade-unique protein". Nature Communications. 7: 12808. doi:10.1038/ncomms12808. PMC 5034306. PMID 27649274. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
  5. ↑ Horikawa, Daiki D.; et al. (2006). "Radiation tolerance in the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum". International Journal of Radiation Biology. 82 (12): 843–848. doi:10.1080/09553000600972956. ISSN 0955-3002. PMID 17178624.
  6. 1 2 Horikawa, Daiki D.; Sakashita, Tetsuya; Katagiri, Chihiro; Watanabe, Masahiko; Kikawada, Takahiro; Nakahara, Yuichi; Hamada, Nobuyuki; Wada, Seiichi; et al. (1 January 2006). "Radiation tolerance in the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum". International Journal of Radiation Biology. 82 (12): 843–848. doi:10.1080/09553000600972956. PMID 17178624.
  7. ↑ Horikawa, Daiki D. "UV Radiation Tolerance of Tardigrades". NASA.com. Retrieved 2013-01-15.


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