Polypodiaceae

Polypodiaceae
Pleopeltis polypodioides fronds on an oak limb
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Pteridophyta
Class:Polypodiopsida/Pteridopsida
(disputed)
Order:Polypodiales
(unranked):Eupolypods I
Family:Polypodiaceae
Subfamilies/Tribes/Clades

Platycerioideae
Polypodioideae

Grammitids

Synonyms

Drynariaceae
Grammitidaceae
Gymnogrammitidaceae
Loxogrammaceae
Platyceriaceae
Pleurisoriopsidaceae

Polypodiaceae is a family of polypod ferns, which includes more than 60 genera divided into several tribes and containing around 1,000 species. Nearly all are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial.[1]

Description

Stems of Polypodiaceae range from erect to long-creeping. The fronds are entire, pinnatifid, or variously forked or pinnate. The petioles lack stipules. The scaly rhizomes are generally creeping in nature. Polypodiaceae species are found in wet climates, most commonly in rain forests. In temperate zones, most species tend to be epiphytic or epipetric.[1]

Notable examples of ferns in this family include the resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides) and the golden serpent fern (Phlebodium aureum).[1]

Taxonomy

Molecular phylogenic analysis has led to the division of the Polypodiaceae into five subfamiles, and to the inclusion of genera that have at various times been placed in other families, including the Drynariaceae, Grammitidaceae, Gymnogrammitidaceae, Loxogrammaceae, Platyceriaceae, and Pleurisoriopsidaceae.[2] In the list that follows, the taxa shown with the "(=)" prefix are considered to be synonymyms for the accepted subfamily name that they follow. However, this does not necessarily imply that the subfamily contains all of the synonym's previous genera.

(=) tribe Loxogrammeae R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon 1982
(=) family Loxogrammaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm. 1975
Lacks sclerenchyma (supporting tissue) in plant body, except in the roots.[3]
(=) tribe Drynarieae Subh.Chandra 1982
(=) tribe Selligueeae (author?)[3]
(=) family Drynariaceae Ching 1978
Combines drynarioid and selligueoid ferns
(=) family Platyceriaceae Ching 1978
Fronds with stellate hairs (star-shaped, radiating from center).[3]
(=) tribe Microsoreae V.N.Tu 1981
(=) tribe Polypodieae Hooker & Lindley ex Duby (sensu Mabberley 2008)
  • Non-grammitid ferns:
  • Grammitid ferns (includes family Grammitidaceae)

The following cladogram shows a likely relationship between the Polypodiaceae subfamilies according to Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008).[4]

Polypodiaceae

 

Loxogrammoideae

 
 

 

 

Drynarioideae

 
 

 

Platycerioideae

 
 

Microsoroideae

 
 
 
 

Polypodioideae

 
 
 

A more recent phylogeny by Christenhusz & Chase (2014) was organised around eight subfamilies:[5]

Polypodiaceae

 

Didymochlaenoideae

 
 

Hypodematioideae

 
 

 

Dryopteridoideae

 
 

 

 

Lomariopsidoideae

 
 

Tectarioideae

 
 
 

 

Oleandroideae

 
 

 

Davallioideae

 
 

Polypodioideae

 
 
 
 
 
 

Selected genera

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 G. Panigrahi and S.N. Patnaik (1961), Cytology of Some Genera of Polypodiaceae in Eastern India, Nature 191, 1207 - 1208.
  2. ↑ Christenhusz et al.: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns Phytotaxa 19: 7-54. (18 Feb. 2011)
  3. 1 2 3 D. J. Mabberley (2008). Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. p. 690. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
  4. ↑ Schuettpelz (2008) Schuettpelz & Pryer "Fern pylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes], ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press 2008
  5. ↑ Christenhusz & Chase 2014.
  6. ↑ Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database (Bishop Museum, Honolulu)
  7. ↑ Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel Hoyt Elbert (2003). "lookup of Lauaʻe". in Hawaiian Dictionary. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press.

Bibliography

  • Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (9): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
  • Sundue, Michael A.; Parris, Barbara S.; Ranker, Tom A.; Smith, Alan R.; Fujimoto, Erin L.; Zamora-Crosby, Delia; Morden, Clifford W.; Chiou, Wen-Liang; Chen, Cheng-Wei; Rouhan, Germinal; Hirai, Regina Y.; Prado, Jefferson (December 2014). "Global phylogeny and biogeography of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 81: 195–206. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.017.
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