Downtown Stamford

Downtown Stamford Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Downtown Stamford, looking west
Location	Atlantic, Main, Bank, and Bedford Sts. (original); Roughly, Bedford St. between Broad and Forest Sts. (increase); Stamford, Connecticut
Coordinates	41°3′8″N 73°32′25″W / 41.05222°N 73.54028°W / 41.05222; -73.54028Coordinates: 41°3′8″N 73°32′25″W / 41.05222°N 73.54028°W / 41.05222; -73.54028
Area	17.2 acres (7.0 ha) 3.7 acres (1.5 ha) (1984 increase) 5 acres (2.0 ha) (2003 increase)
Architect	Multiple
Architectural style	Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Late Victorian, Commercial Vernacular, Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals, Modern Movement
NRHP reference #	83003502 (original) 85000311 (increase 1) 02001744[1] (increase 2)
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 6, 1983
Boundary increases	February 21, 1985 January 31, 2003

Downtown Stamford is the central business district of the city of Stamford, Connecticut, United States. Also known as "Stamford Downtown." It is an economically thriving area of the city, with major retail establishments, a shopping mall, a university campus, the headquarters of major corporations and fortune 500 companies, as well as other retail businesses, hotels, restaurants, offices, entertainment venues, and high-rise apartment buildings. In recent years, more housing has been constructed in the neighborhood and more is planned.

With transportation widely seen as one of the biggest challenges facing the Economy of Stamford, Downtown has become an important transportation hub, as well as a business hub for lower Fairfield County. For example, it is an area within walking distance of the Metro-North train station, which is one of the busiest on the New Haven Railroad Line.

The Downtown area has been the heart of Stamford, Connecticut since colonial times. Much of the history of Stamford took place there. Most of the southern and central portions of Downtown have been designated as historic districts, listed as the Downtown Stamford Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.

In recent years, new development has consumed much of the Downtown area, with the additions of new high-rise buildings and office towers such as the new 34-story Trump Parc Stamford, parks such as the new Mill River Park development project, and housing such as the new 17-story Highgrove Condominium Residences. Other development projects include new student housing at the UCONN Stamford branch, residential housing, and the massive planned Ritz-Carlton Stamford development, which will include two 39-story hotel/condominium towers. The project is currently on hold due to the economic downturn in 2008. The city also plans to make improvements to the Atlantic Street underpass beneath the New Haven Line railroad tracks just east of the Stamford Transportation Center in order to alleviate a traffic bottleneck.^[2] The improvements are also meant to allow quicker evacuation of areas of the South End if disaster strikes. The project received a $245,000 earmark in the federal budget passed in December 2007.^[2]

Location

In relation to other neighborhoods in Stamford, the Downtown is east of the West Side (separated by the Mill River), north of the South End (separated by Interstate 95 and the Metro-North Railroad tracks) and Shippan (also separated by the highway and railroad), west of the East Side and Glenbrook, and south of Newfield, Belltown, High Ridge and Turn of River. Bull's Head, the mostly commercial area at the intersection of High Ridge Road and Long Ridge Road, is immediately north of the Downtown.

Historic district

Stamford Old Town Hall

The Downtown Stamford Historic District is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The originally listed area included 56 buildings along Atlantic, Main, Bank, and Bedford Streets, and examples of Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Late Victorian, and Commercial Vernacular architecture.^[1][1] Its boundaries were increased in 1985 to include an area bounded by Atlantic, Main, Bank, Bedford, Summer between Broad and Main Sts. and Summer Pl. The 1985 boundary increase captured the only surviving area in downtown of lower-rent commercial structures such as warehouses, laundries, and stables.^[3] Its boundaries were further increased in 2002 to include an area including Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals and Modern Movement architecture, roughly, Bedford Street between Broad and Forest Streets.^[1] The 2002 increase added the 1939-built Avon Theatre and other buildings, adding Late Gothic Revival and Art Deco architectural styles not included in the first and second areas.^[4] The current boundaries of the historic district now encompass most of the southern half of Downtown. The historic district designated in 1983 included the largest remaining area of pre-1930s commercial and institutional buildings in downtown Stamford.^[5] The 1985 boundary increase captured the only surviving area in downtown of lower-rent commercial structures such as warehouses, laundries, and stables.^[3] The 2002 increase added the 1939-built Avon Theatre and other buildings, adding Late Gothic Revival and Art Deco architectural styles not included in the first and second areas.^[4]

Downtown Stamford skyline in 2018

Distinctive architecture

One Landmark Square, the second tallest building in Stamford, at 22 stories.

Victor Bisharat's buildings

One Stamford Forum in 2010.

Many of the most distinctive buildings in Downtown Stamford were designed by the late Victor Bisharat, a Jordanian who received his education at the American University in Beirut, Lebanon and at the University of California at Berkeley. His Stamford buildings were designed for F.D. Rich Co.^[9] (For information on Bisharat's buildings on High Ridge Road, see Arts and culture in Stamford, Connecticut.)

• St. John's Towers -- The three cylindrical, 17-story towers were finished in 1971.
• One Landmark Square -- 22-story building completed in 1973 was the tallest building between New York and Boston from 1973-2008.
• One Stamford Forum -- Looking like an upside-down ziggurat above its three-story parking garage, the building has an enclosed arboretum rising from the ninth floor to the penthouse roof, which is covered by 76 acrylic glass domes. The 13-floor structure is 196 feet high and was completed in 1973 as the world headquarters for GTE Corporation. In the 1990s, the Tresser Boulevard entrance to the building was changed (in a design by Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum) from a "formidably stark concrete wall of a parking garage" to "a more inviting entrance ... clad in blue-gray ceramic tiles, with a lobby, canopy, colonnade and small garden."^[8] Currently, the building is the headquarters to Purdue Pharma and Aircastle Limited.
• Stamford Marriott Hotel & Spa -- The 16 floor , 305-room hotel was completed in 1976 and was the largest hotel in Connecticut at the time. The hotel was expanded to 505 rooms in 1986.^[10]

Other buildings

• One Atlantic Street -- Art Deco interiors, with murals in the ground-floor bank, and Art Deco exterior details as well. The red-brick/white marble building at the corner of Broad and Atlantic streets was finished in 1931 and for a long time was the tallest in Stamford.
• University of Connecticut Campus -- The 225,000-square-foot (20,900 m²) building with the vast, green glass facade at the corner of Washington and Broad streets was designed by Perkins Eastman.^[8]
• Old Town Hall — The Beaux Arts building was built from 1905 to 1907 and served as the seat of local government until the early 1960s. The building opened for business on March 20, 1907. The last mayor to work there was J. Walter Kennedy, who moved to the Municipal Office Building that was on Atlantic Street (now torn down) in about 1961. The Old Town Hall held offices for the city government until all city offices were moved to 888 Washington Blvd. in 1987.^[11]
  

  Stained glass interior of the Fish Church.
• The "Fish Church," or the First Presbyterian Church of Stamford, was designed by Wallace K. Harrison, the chief architect of the United Nations buildings in New York City, and opened in 1958. The fish shape is obvious to anyone who drives by, but the floor plan is also fish-shaped. The stained glass windows in the sanctuary contain more than 20,000 pieces of faceted glass. They depict the story of the Crucifixion and the Resurrection. The 32-foot (9.8 m)-high cross is faced with wood from Canterbury Cathedral. "Brilliant blues, reds and yellows make up the walls -- and seem to fill the air. 'It really is like being inside a jewel,' says Reverend David R. Van Dyke, a co-pastor. 'When I bring people who haven't been here before, there's an audible gasp.'" (Life Magazine, April 14, 2005)^[12] In March 1958, the $1.5 million church was dedicated with capacity crowds filling it for three services.^[13]
• Gurley Building (1924), also known as Valeur Building, an eight-story tall, narrow building at northwest corner of Main St. and Atlantic St. intersection (see photo #4). "Sullivanesque"; designed by Edward B. Stratton and built by Clinton Cruikshank.^{[5]:7-2 (PDF p.5)}
• 133 Atlantic Street (c.1861, remodelled in 1935)^{[5]:7-2 (PDF p.5)}
• Fidelity Title and Trust Company, 129 Atlantic Street. Built by Clinton Cruikshank.^{[5]:7-2 (PDF p.5)}
• 119 Atlantic Street (1926), four-story, masonry^{[5]:7-3 (PDF p.6)}
• Weed's Hall (1886), 109 Atlantic Street. Narrow five-story building, the only Stamford building with a cast iron facade.^{[5]:7-3 (PDF p.6)}

Ferguson Library

• Ferguson Library (1910), two-story Georgian Revival brick building. Designed by Egerton Swartwout. It had an addition built in 1931, to the rear, which was replaced and further enlarged in 1981.^{[5]:7-4 (PDF p.7)}
• 15 Bedford Street (1932), Art Deco two-story commercial building.^[4] (see photo 6).
• Library Apartments, 65 Bedford Street (1930), three-story; second story "displays window

spandrels with triglyph fluting".^[4] (see photo 8)

Shopping

By city ordinance, all large stores in Stamford must be located within the Downtown Special Services District, unless special waivers are given. The area includes the Stamford Town Center, an indoor shopping mall in the heart of the Downtown.

Entertainment

Most of Stamford's larger entertainment venues are located in the Downtown. These include the Palace Theatre, Rich Forum, as well as various movie other theaters. The area around Columbus Park and Bedford Street has become a center for bars, clubs, and restaurants, although all three can be found elsewhere Downtown and around the city.

Mill River Park

Mill River Park in Stamford

Mill River Park, which separates Downtown from the West Side, is to be expanded in an $8.5 million project, including $4 million in federal funding earmarked in 2007, with the city government financing the rest of the cost. The federal funding is to pay for removing the Mill River dam and dredging. That part of the project is the first step in the long-planned renovation of the park.^[2]

The project plans call for narrowing the width of the river to less than half of its current expanse, which would expand the park's area and provide space for more amenities. The master plan provides for a carousel, fountain, ice rink and network of trails connecting a greenway with the Kosciuszko, Southfield and Scalzi parks. Removing the dam will also allow fish to swim up from Long Island Sound. As of 2007, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers had spent $800,000 on preliminary studies, planning and design.^[2]

The cherry trees in Mill River Park were presented to the city on April 27, 1957 by Junzo Nojima, a native of Japan who had settled in the city in 1926 and in 1932 became the first Japanese man to own a restaurant in the state (K&J Three Decker Restaurant on Atlantic Street). Nojima gave the city 120 trees, and for three years he watered each one until they took root. He gave the city instructions on how to care for them, but when they were overlooked, he began tending the trees himself. On Arbor Day, April 27, 2007, the city celebrated the 50th anniversary of the gift with a ceremony at the park.^[14]

Events

Alive@Five in Columbus Park

The Downtown Special Services District, known as Stamford Downtown, is booming with exciting events from June through December. Whether it’s a tour of a world class sculpture exhibit, "Alive@Five" and "Jazz up July" outdoor concerts in Columbus Park, Arts & Crafts on Bedford Street or a giant helium balloon parade that marches through Downtown, Stamford Downtown is the place to find it all. These events bring thousands of people into the Downtown.

Police and fire services

The main police station is located in the heart of Downtown, at 805 Bedford Street. A substation is located on Atlantic Street.

The Stamford Fire Rescue Department's Fire Station's # 1 and 5 serve the neighborhood. Fire Headquarters, or Fire Station # 1 is located on Main Street, in the heart of Downtown, while Fire Station # 5 is located on Washington Boulevard, in the Woodside neighborhood, just north of Downtown.

Filming locations

• Almost all of Elia Kazan's 1947 film, Boomerang, was shot in Stamford, Connecticut, and most of that in the downtown area. The Old Town Hall was used, particularly the old Police Department offices and the stairway leading up from them to the courtroom. For a scene in which a pastor was killed, the movie used the front and sidewalk of the Plaza Theatre, which stood on Greyrock Place (a driveway leading into the Stamford Town Center Mall is at that location now). The former offices of The Advocate of Stamford, on Atlantic Street, were also used. "[I]t wasn't an oddity to run into Dana Andrews, one of the stars of the movie, in a local restaurant, or to see other stars on the street," according to Don Russell, a columnist for The Advocate.^[15]
• Part of Otto Preminger's 1963 film, The Cardinal, was shot in St. John the Evangelist Roman Catholic Church on Atlantic Street. Some people stood for hours on the east side of Atlantic Street (across the street from the church) to get a glimpse of the stars.^[15]

Pictures

• 
  Town Hall, ca. 1914
• 
  Ferguson Library, ca. 1912
• 
  Universalist Church and parsonage, ca. 1905
• 
  Same church and parsonage, 2007
• 
  Prospect Street, ca. 1915
• 
  Prospect Street, same spot, 2007
• 
  First Congregational Church, ca. 1913
• 
  Same church in 2007
• 
  Hotel Davenport, from a postcard sent in 1916
• 
  West Park, 1905
• 
  West Park, 1906
• 
  West Park, 1910
• 
  Central Park, circa 1910-1919
• 
  Suburban Avenue, circa 1908
• 
  U.S. Post Office, circa 1911
• 
  Summer Street, circa 1909

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Stamford, Connecticut

Notes

External links

• Stamford Downtown Special Services District, established in 1993
• City of Stamford
• Stamford Historical Society
• Stamford CT Guide
• Highgrove