Douglas Tilden

Douglas Tilden
Photo illustration of Douglas Tilden from San Francisco Call article in 1903.
Tilden in 1903
Born (1860-05-01)May 1, 1860
Chico
Died August 5, 1935(1935-08-05) (aged 75)
Berkeley
Resting place Mountain View
Notable work
Spouse(s)
Elizabeth "Bessie" Cole
(m. 1896; div. 1926)

Douglas Tilden (May 1, 1860 to August 5, 1935) was an American sculptor. He was deaf from a bout of scarlet fever at the age of four and attended the California School for the Deaf in Berkeley, California (now in Fremont, California).[1][2] He sculpted many statues that are located today throughout San Francisco, Berkeley, and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Early life

Douglas Tilden was born on May 1, 1860 to Dr. William Peregrine Tilden and Catherine Maria Hecox Tilden in Chico, California. When he was four, he lost his hearing and speech after a severe bout of scarlet fever.[3]

Tilden entered the California School for the Deaf (then located in San Francisco) on January 25, 1866, studying under Theophilus d'Estrella.[3] He moved with the School to a location near the University of California, Berkeley campus at what is now the Clark Kerr Campus student residence in 1869 and graduated in 1879.[1] After graduating, he went on to attend and teach at UC Berkeley, where he studied with Francis Marion Wells. Tilden picked up sculpting in 1883, producing a small statuette entitled Tired Wrestler in 1885 which drew the attention of the board of the California School for the Deaf. The board subsequently offered him an opportunity to pursue sculpting and in 1887, he left Berkeley to attend the Academy of Design in New York, and from there, left to study art in Paris.[1] After arriving in Paris in 1888, Tilden studied under Paul-François Choppin, another deaf sculptor.[3]

The Football Players (1900) in 2013

After several successful years in Paris, Tilden returned to the California School for the Deaf in 1893; however, after getting married in 1896, Tilden left the School to pursue sculpting full-time under reportedly acrimonious terms. Because his stint in Paris had been paid by the School, they felt he should continue to serve as a teacher, while Tilden felt his schooling had been a gift. In return, the California School for the Deaf confiscated one of Tilden's early artworks, The Bear Hunt, as payment.[4][5]

Career

Illustration of Tilden from 1901

Tilden was first recognized for his sculpture while in Paris. His first exhibited work, entitled The National Game, The Baseball Player, or The Ball Player, was a sculpture of a baseball pitcher in his windup. The sculpture was admitted to the prestigious Salon event in 1889, where it won a medal.[1][6] This was followed by The Tired Boxer (exhibited at the Salon Paris in 1890), The Young Acrobat (Salon 1891), The Bear Hunt (Salon 1892), and The Football Players (Salon 1893).[7]

Many detect a certain homoeroticism in his works because they feature young athletic men who are often unclothed. In the Football Players, many people have noted that the scene of two young football players, one is injured and resting on the shoulder of another, and the other is tenderly bandaging the wounds, shows the intimate male bonding in sports as of interdependence between the players. The gay and lesbian community has adopted the statue as representing the best ideal of the visible queer community on the Berkeley campus.[8]

He was a member of the National Sculpture Society.[9] The Football Players marked the beginning of Tilden's association with his most important patron, James D. Phelan, who commissioned Tilden's next major work after returning to the Bay Area, the Admission Day fountain installed on Market Street in 1897.

In 1901, Tilden was declared "violently insane" after an incident at his father-in-law's house where he without warning "began destroying the furniture in the room" in which his family was gathered.[7] The incident had been exaggerated by a household servant. Tilden had returned home early and, forgetting his key, had entered the house through an open window. The servant, who had been recently hired and believed this to be uncharacteristic of his employer, locked Tilden in his room, and Tilden attempted to alert others that he was trapped by hammering on the door. The frightened servant then called for the police, who took Tilden away to a mental hospital.[10] After separating from his wife Bessie in 1918, Tilden moved into his studio and worked for the Hal Roach Studio, sculpting animals for movie sets.[3]

Selected works

Selected bronzes by Douglas Tilden
NameYearCityLocationDescription/NotesImageReferences
The Ball Player 1889San FranciscoGolden Gate ParkTilden's first major work. Also known as The National Game or The Baseball Player. [11]
The Tired Boxer 1890San Franciscode Young MuseumPurchased and previously owned by The Olympic Club. [11]
The Young Acrobat 1891Washington, D.C.Smithsonian American Art MuseumA young baby held aloft by a disembodied arm. Previously exhibited in Golden Gate Park. [11][12][13]
Bear Hunt 1892FremontCalifornia School for the DeafAKA The Bear Hunters. A statue of a bear protecting her cub and wrestling with two Native Americans. [12][14]
The Football Players 1893BerkeleyStrawberry CreekOne of the first permanent artworks on the University of California, Berkeley campus. San Francisco Mayor Phelan had purchased a casting of The Football Players and announced that it would be awarded to the college which won the Big Game two years in a row. After Cal defeated Stanford in 1898 and 1899, the monument was dedicated on 12 May 1900. [8][15][16]
Admission Day 1897San FranciscoMarket Street (at Post and Montgomery)Part of a monument commemorating the admission of California into the United States. [17][18]
Mechanics Monument 1901San FranciscoMarket Street (at Battery)It served as an inspiration for the city to rebuild itself. The fountain was removed at some point and the statue group has been moved a few feet several times. [17][19]
Junipero Serra 1906San FranciscoGolden Gate ParkAlso donated by Phelan to San Francisco. [20]
Spanish–American War Soldier's Monument 1906Portland, OregonLowndsale SquareCommemorating the volunteers from Oregon who fought in the Spanish–American War. [21]
California Volunteers 1906San FranciscoMarket Street (at Dolores)Commemorating the volunteers from California who fought in the Spanish–American War. [22]
Stephen M. White 1907San PedroCabrillo BeachOriginally installed in Los Angeles at City Hall. Received contemporary criticism as "topheavy" with a "vehement gesture". [20][23][24][25]

Personal life

Bessie Cole (L) and Tilden (R), 1896 San Francisco Call illustration from their marriage

On June 9, 1896 Tilden was married to Elizabeth "Bessie" Cole, a former student of his, also deaf.[26] Although the union produced two children, a daughter Gladys (born January 5, 1900) and a son Willoughby Lee (born September 4, 1903), it was not to prove to be a happy one. Over the years Mrs. Tilden was subject to "melancholia spells" which, among things, placed a large amount of pressure on the relationship. They separated and Mrs. Tilden, who for years had managed their properties, rented out his studio to a theater group, forcing Tilden to do his sculpting in a shed. As they grew farther apart Tilden's lawyer wrote: "Furthermore, the wife (Bessie) has knowledge of personal indescressions [sic] in the personal conduct of Mr. Tilden which would deprive him of any capacity to stand in court, as we say, "with clean hands." Mr. Tilden claims that Mrs. Tilden has been indescrete. [sic]" The couple separated in 1918, and Bessie subsequently filed for divorce in 1924, which was finalized in 1926.[3][27]

Tilden was found dead in his Berkeley studio on August 6, 1935.[3] He is buried in the Cole family plot of Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California with his ex-wife Bessie (died 1949) and Willoughby (died 1931).[28]

See also

  • Granville Redmond, an artist who also studied under Theophilus d'Estrella at the California School for the Deaf and shared a room with Tilden in Paris
  • Melvin Earl Cummings, a sculptor trained by Tilden

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Gannon 1981, p. 144 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 24, 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-06. )
  2. ↑ Albronda 1994, p. 6
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evetts, Rosemary; Albronda, Mildred (1996). "Guide to the Douglas Tilden Papers, 1860–1970" (PDF). The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  4. ↑ caseykins (10 June 2009). "Douglas Tilden: Sculptor". If My Hands Could Speak... (blog). wordpress. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  5. ↑ Finacom, Steven (6 August 2010). "Famed Deaf Sculptor Died 75 Years Ago in Berkeley". The Berkeley Daily Planet. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  6. ↑ Clemans, Gayle (14 July 2011). "'Our National Game' at SAM, through a young fan's eyes". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  7. 1 2 "Tilden, the Sculptor, is Violently Insane". San Francisco Call. 87 (99). 9 March 1901. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  8. 1 2 "Douglas Tilden 1860–1935". Gay Bears! The Hidden History of the Berkeley Campus. Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley. 2002. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  9. ↑ Albronda 1994, p. 41
  10. ↑ "Sculptor's Lost Reason Returns". San Francisco Call. 87 (100). 10 March 1901. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 "Beauties of the Sculptor's Art". San Francisco Call. 69 (105). 15 March 1891. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  12. 1 2 "What California Genius Can Do". San Francisco Call. 77 (95). 15 March 1895. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  13. ↑ "The Young Acrobat". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  14. ↑ Gannon 1981, p. 143 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 24, 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-06. )
  15. ↑ Gannon 1981, p. 146 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 24, 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-06. )
  16. ↑ "The Football Player Is Here". The San Francisco Call. 85 (57). 26 January 1899. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  17. 1 2 Gannon 1981, p. 145 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 24, 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-06. )
  18. ↑ Albronda 1994, p. 90
  19. ↑ Albronda 1994, pp. 61–68
  20. 1 2 "Statue of Junipero Serra Finished by Douglas Tilden". San Francisco Call. 99 (94). 4 March 1906. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  21. ↑ Albronda 1994, p. 81
  22. ↑ "Monument Dedicated to Memory of California Volunteers". San Francisco Call. 100 (74). 13 August 1906. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  23. ↑ Grace, Roger M. (30 October 2006). "Statue Goes from Broadway to Hill to Storage Yard to Grand ... to San Pedro". Metropolitan News-Enterprise. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  24. ↑ "Models Magnificent Statue of Senator". Los Angeles Herald. 34 (156). 6 March 1907. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  25. ↑ "Committee Approves Memorial Statue". Los Angeles Herald. 34 (205). 24 April 1907. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  26. ↑ "Bound by Other Verbal Vows". The San Francisco Call. 80 (10). 10 June 1896. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  27. ↑ Albronda 1994, p. 115
  28. ↑ Colbruno, Michael (13 December 2009). "Douglas Tilden (1860–1935) - Famous Sculptor". Lives of the Dead: Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland. Retrieved 19 September 2017.

Bibliography

  • Albronda, Mildred (1980). Douglas Tilden: Portrait of a deaf sculptor. Silver Spring, Maryland: T.J. Publishers. ISBN 0932666035. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  • Albronda, Mildred (1994). Douglas Tilden: The Man and His Legacy. Seattle, Washington: Emerald Point Press. ISBN 096378160X.
  • Dabakis, Melissa (June 1995). "Douglas Tilden's Mechanics Fountain: Labor and the 'Crisis of Masculinity' in the 1890s". American Quarterly. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 47 (2): 204–235. doi:10.2307/2713280.
  • Gannon, Jack R. (1981). Deaf Heritage: A Narrative History of Deaf America. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University. ISBN 978-1-56368-514-9. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  • Guide to the Douglas Tilden Papers at The Bancroft Library
  • The History of the Mechanics Monument by R. Christian Anderson.
  • Guidepost
  • Tilden, Douglas (29 March 1903). "Deaf Mutes and the World of Pantomime". San Francisco Call. 93 (119). Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  • Douglas Tilden at Find a Grave
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