Doping at the World Championships in Athletics
| Part of a series on |
| Doping in sport |
|---|
  |
|
History
|
|
Doping-related lists |
As a signatory to the World Anti-Doping Code, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) prohibits the use of banned performance-enhancing substances by competitors at the World Championships in Athletics. A list of WADA-banned substances is regularly published to the public and amended as scientific knowledge expands.[1] The IAAF and anti-doping bodies undertake in-competition sampling of athletes blood and urine in order to detect where athletes have taken banned substances. This is also complemented by out-of-competition tests during the tournament and in the preceding period.[2]
Where a banned substance is detected in-competition the athlete's performance will be annulled and—depending on the severity of the infraction—the athlete may be banned from the sport for a set period. Where an out-of-competition sample tests positive for a banned substance, any performances by the athlete after that date may also be annulled. Athletes may also be banned via doping regulations if the athlete fails to submit to testing, tampers or interferes with the undertaking of anti-doping procedures, or is found in possession of banned substances.[2] Where a performance is annulled, any medals won by the athlete will be stripped from the athlete and the IAAF may decided to reallocate the medal(s) to the next best performers. This includes disqualification of whole national relay teams should one member break anti-doping rules. Samples are stored for future retesting, as improved methods over time may lead to previously unidentified cases of doping. The IAAF began a long-term storage approach from the 2007 World Championships onwards.[3]
A total of 162 athletes (69 men and 93 women) have had their results annulled at the World Championships, and 40 of these have been stripped of medals as a result. A total of 53 medals have been stripped as a result of doping infractions. The first doping failure pre-dates the main championships and comes from Spanish hurdler Rosa Colorado at the 1980 World Championships in Athletics – an event which only featured two women's events not on the Olympic programme. World champions to be banned include North American sprinters Ben Johnson, Marion Jones, Tim Montgomery and Kelli White. Other prominent champions to have been banned include Russian middle-distance runner Mariya Savinova, steeplechaser Yuliya Zaripova and racewalker Olga Kaniskina. The majority of stripped medallists have come from the United States and the post-Soviet states, though athletes from many other nations of the world have failed doping tests at the competition.[4]
There has been an upward trend in the number of doping violations at the championships, with a peak of 50 athletes having had their performances annulled at the 2011 event, though it is assumed that this reflects improved detection rather than increased overall doping – an anonymous survey at that championships revealed over 30% of athletes had used banned substances during their career.[5]
Given the susceptibility of the sport of athletics to doping issues, the IAAF has been central in the development of anti-doping standards and anti-doping measures have been were present at World Championships since the first edition in 1983.[6] The anti-doping approach had a new development at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics, where all Russian athletes were banned due to state-sponsored doping and had to request dispensation to compete at Authorised Neutral Athletes.[7]
Disqualifications by year
.jpg)
.
| Edition | Year | Host city | Host country | Athletes disqualified |
Medals stripped |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | 1976 | Malmö | Sweden | 0 | 0 |
| - | 1980 | Sittard | Netherlands | 1 | 0 |
| 1st | 1983 | Helsinki | Finland | 0 | 0 |
| 2nd | 1987 | Rome | Italy | 3 | 2 |
| 3rd | 1991 | Tokyo | Japan | 3 | 1 |
| 4th | 1993 | Stuttgart | Germany | 4 | 2 |
| 5th | 1995 | Gothenburg | Sweden | 0 | 0 |
| 6th | 1997 | Athens | Greece | 7 | 3 |
| 7th | 1999 | Seville | Spain | 7 | 3 |
| 8th | 2001 | Edmonton | Canada | 17 | 9 |
| 9th | 2003 | Saint-Denis | France | 11 | 6 |
| 10th | 2005 | Helsinki | Finland | 11 | 4 |
| 11th | 2007 | Osaka | Japan | 9 | 5 |
| 12th | 2009 | Berlin | Germany | 31 | 5 |
| 13th | 2011 | Daegu | South Korea | 50 | 10 |
| 14th | 2013 | Moscow | Russia | 21 | 3 |
| 15th | 2015 | Beijing | China | 7 | 0 |
| 16th | 2017 | London | United Kingdom | 3[8] | 0 |
| 17th | 2019 | Doha | Qatar | ||
| 18th | 2021 | Eugene | United States |
Disqualifications by nation
This table collates the total number of athletes who have been disqualified for doping at the championships by nation. Athletes with multiple disqualifications are counted as one. Where a relay team is disqualified, this is counted as one disqualification, though multiple team members may have been sanctioned.
Last updated 17 March 2018
| Nation | Men disqualified |
Women disqualified |
Total | Medals stripped |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 14 | 38 | 52 | 24 |
 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 2 |
 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 14 |
 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 0 |
 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 1 |
 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 |
 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 |
 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
.svg.png){kind=small} | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
- nb1 Russia's total for women's disqualifications and stripped medals includes the performances of Nailya Yulamanova, who helped Russia secure a bronze medal at the 2009 World Marathon Cup (held in conjunction with the 2009 World Championships marathon) but was later banned and had her team's performance annulled.[4]
Disqualifications by event
This table collates the total number of disqualifications within a given event. Where the same athlete has been disqualified at multiple editions of the championships, each athlete disqualified per year is counted. Last updated 17 March 2018
| Event | Male disqualifications |
Female disqualifications |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 metres | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 200 metres | 2 | 10 | 12 |
| 400 metres | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 800 metres | 0 | 11 | 11 |
| 1500 metres | 4 | 14 | 18 |
| 5000 metres | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 10,000 metres | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Sprint hurdles | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 400 metres hurdles | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 3000 metres s'chase | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 4 × 100 metres relay | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 4 × 400 metres relay | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| Marathon | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 20 km walk[nb2] | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 50 km walk | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| High jump | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Pole vault | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Long jump | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Triple jump | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Shot put | 11 | 4 | 12 |
| Discus throw | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| Javelin throw | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Hammer throw | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| Combined events | 0 | 1 | 1 |
- nb2 Includes precursor women's walk event over 10,000 m
Disqualified athletes
| Athlete | Nation | Sex | Event | Year(s) | Result | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosa Colorado | | Women | 400 m hurdles | 1980 | 1st | Ran in B-final |
| Ben Johnson | | Men | 100 m 4 × 100 m relay | 1987 |  | 4th place Canadian relay team disqualified |
| Sandra Gasser | | Women | 1500 m | 1987 |  | |
| Angella Issajenko | | Women | 100 m 4 × 100 m relay | 1987 | 5th | 6th place Canadian relay team disqualified |
| Georg Andersen | | Men | Shot put | 1991 |  | |
| Delisa Walton-Floyd | | Women | 800 m | 1991 | 8th (semis) | |
| Irina Slyusar | | Women | 100 m | 1991 | 6th (semis) | |
| Dmitriy Polyunin | | Men | Javelin throw | 1993 | | |
| Mike Stulce | | Men | Shot put | 1993 | | |
| Romas Ubartas | | Men | Discus throw | 1993 | 4th | |
| Liliya Nurutdinova | | Women | 800 m | 1993 | 7th | |
| Aleksandr Bagach | | Men | Shot put | 1997 | | |
| Pascal Maran | | Men | 400 m hurdles | 1997 | 6th (heats) | |
| Antonio Pettigrew | | Men | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 1997 1999 2001 | 7th (1997) 5th (1999) 4th (2001) | 1997, 1999 and 2001 gold medal-winning American relay teams disqualified. Disqualified at three editions. |
| Daniel Plaza | | Men | 20 kilometres walk | 1997 | 10th | |
| Olimpiada Ivanova | | Women | 10,000 m walk | 1997 | | |
| Lyubov Tsyoma | | Women | 800 m | 1997 | DNF (semis) | |
| Oksana Zelinskaya | | Women | Triple jump | 1997 | 15th (q) | |
| Mohamed Ibrahim Aden | | Men | 1500 m | 1999 | 6th (semis) | |
| Innocent Asonze | | Men | 100 m 4 × 100 m relay | 1999 | 4th (q-finals) | Bronze medal-winning Nigerian relay team disqualified |
| Davidson Ezinwa | | Men | 100 m | 1999 | 7th (semis) | |
| German Skurygin | | Men | 50 kilometres walk | 1999 | | |
| Jerome Young | | Men | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 1999 2001 2003 | 4th (1999) 4th (semis, 2001) | 2001 and 2003 gold medal-winning American relay teams disqualified. Disqualified at three editions |
| Hannah Cooper | | Women | 4 × 400 m relay | 1999 | 6th (h) | Liberian relay team disqualified |
| Roberto Barbi | | Men | Marathon | 2001 | 60th | |
| Christophe Cheval | | Men | 200 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2001 | 7th (q-finals) | French relay team disqualified |
| Ramon Clay | | Men | 200 m | 2001 | 8th (q-finals) | |
| Andrei Mikhnevich | | Men | Shot put | 2001 2005 2007 2009 2011 | 10th (2001) 5th (2005) 7th (2009) | Banned for life, disqualified at five editions |
| Tim Montgomery | | Men | 100 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2001 2003 | 5th (2003) | 2001 Gold medal-winning American relay team disqualified. Disqualified at two editions |
| Ali Saïdi-Sief | | Men | 5000 m | 2001 | | |
| Javier Sotomayor | | Men | High jump | 2001 | 4th | |
| Venolyn Clarke | | Women | 100 m | 2001 | 8th (q-finals) | |
| Marion Jones | | Women | 100 m 200 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2001 | | 2001 gold medal-winning American relay team disqualified |
| Svetlana Laukhova | | Women | 100 m hurdles | 2001 | 5th (heats) | |
| Yekaterina Leshchova | | Women | 200 m | 2001 | 6th (heats) | |
| Natalya Sadova | | Women | Discus throw | 2001 | | |
| Natalya Sologub | | Women | 400 m | 2001 | 5th (semis) | |
| Ana Mirela Termure | | Women | Javelin throw | 2001 | 10th (q) | |
| Kelli White | | Women | 100 m 200 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2001 2003 | 7th (100 m, 2001) | 2001 gold medal-winning American relay team disqualified. Disqualified at two editions. |
| Dwain Chambers | | Men | 100 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2003 | 4th | Silver medal-winning British relay team disqualified |
| Fouad Chouki | | Men | 1500 m | 2003 | 8th | |
| Calvin Harrison | | Men | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 2003 | 6th | Gold medal-winning American relay team disqualified |
| Chris Phillips | | Men | 110 m hurdles | 2003 | 5th | |
| Kevin Toth | | Men | Shot put | 2003 | 4th | |
| Zhanna Block | | Women | 100 m 200 m | 2003 2005 | 4th (200 m, 2003), 5th (200 m semis, 2005) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Regina Jacobs | | Women | 1500 m | 2003 | 6th (semis) | |
| Melissa Price | | Women | Hammer throw | 2003 | 12th | |
| Yuriy Belonog | | Men | Shot put | 2005 | 4th | |
| Vladyslav Piskunov | | Men | Hammer throw | 2005 | 12th | |
| Ivan Tikhon | | Men | Hammer throw | 2005 | | |
| Andrei Varantsou | | Men | Hammer throw | 2005 | 15th (q) | |
| Neelam Jaswant Singh | | Women | Discus throw | 2005 | 9th (q) | |
| Svetlana Krivelyova | | Women | Shot put | 2005 | 4th | |
| Tatyana Kotova | | Women | Long jump | 2005 | | |
| Olga Kuzenkova | | Women | Hammer throw | 2005 | | |
| Nadzeya Ostapchuk | | Women | Shot put | 2005 | | |
| Naman Keïta | | Men | 400 m hurdles | 2007 | 4th (semis) | |
| Elvan Abeylegesse | | Women | 5000 m 10,000 m | 2007 2009 | 5th (5000 m, 2007) DQ (10,000 m, 2009) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Svetlana Cherkasova | | Women | 800 m | 2007 | 6th (h) | |
| Yuliya Fomenko | | Women | 1500 m | 2007 | 7th | |
| Hrisopiyí Devetzí | | Women | Triple jump | 2007 | | |
| Gulfiya Khanafeyeva | | Women | Hammer throw | 2007 | 10th | |
| Darya Pishchalnikova | | Women | Discus throw | 2007 | | |
| Yelena Soboleva | | Women | 1500 m | 2007 | | |
| Hussain Al-Hamdah | | Men | 5000 m | 2009 2011 | 12th (h, 2009) 13th (2001 | Disqualified at two editions |
| Valeriy Borchin | | Men | 20 kilometres walk | 2009 2011 | | Disqualified at two editions |
| Jamel Chatbi | | Men | 3000 m steeplechase | 2009 | DNS (final) | |
| Leonardo dos Santos | | Men | Triple jump | 2009 | 20th (q) | |
| Abderrahim Goumri | | Men | Marathon | 2009 2011 | DNF DNF | Disqualified at two editions |
| Sergey Kirdyapkin | | Men | 50 kilometres walk | 2009 2011 | DNF (2011) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Mikhail Lemayev | | Men | Marathon | 2009 | 45th | |
| Ildar Minshin | | Men | 3000 m steeplechase | 2009 | 7th | |
| Kevin Rans | | Men | Pole vault | 2009 | 12th | |
| Rakia Al-Gasara | | Women | 100 m 200 m | 2009 | 7th (q-finals) 5th (h) | |
| Mariem Selsouli | | Women | 1500 m | 2009 | DNS (final) | |
| Anna Alminova | | Women | 1500 m | 2009 | 10th (semis) | |
| Olena Antonova | | Women | Discus throw | 2009 | 17th (q) | |
| Toyin Augustus | | Women | 100 m hurdles 4 × 100 m relay | 2009 | 6th (semis) | Nigerian relay team disqualified |
| Alemitu Bekele Degfa | | Women | 1500 m 5000 m | 2009 2011 | 11th (1500 m heats, 2009) 13th (5000 m, 2009) 9th (5000 m heats, 2011) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Yuliya Chermoshanskaya | | Women | 4 × 100 m relay | 2009 | 4th | Russian relay team disqualified |
| Marta Domínguez | | Women | 3000 m steeplechase | 2009 | | |
| Yelizaveta Grechishnikova | | Women | 5000 m | 2009 2011 | 10th (h) 14th | Disqualified at two editions |
| Olga Kaniskina | | Women | 20 kilometres walk | 2009 2011 | | Disqualified at two editions |
| Anastasiya Kapachinskaya | | Women | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 2009 2011 | 7th (2009) | 2009 and 2011 bronze medal-winning Russian relay teams disqualified. Disqualified at two editions |
| Svetlana Klyuka | | Women | 800 m | 2009 | 5th (semis) | |
| Iríni Kokkinaríou | | Women | 3000 m steeplechase | 2009 2011 | 8th (q, 2009) 11th (q, 2011) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Mariya Konovalova | | Women | 10,000 m | 2009 | 11th | |
| Zalina Petrivskaya | | Women | Hammer throw | 2009 2011 | 14th (q, 2009) 8th (2011) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Amaka Ogoegbunam | | Women | 400 m 400 m hurdles | 2009 | DNF (semis) DQ (semis) | |
| Hanane Ouhaddou | | Women | 3000 m steeplechase | 2009 2011 | 5th (h) 8th | Disqualified at two editions |
| Vita Palamar | | Women | High jump | 2009 | 8th (q) | |
| Tatyana Petlyuk | | Women | 800 m 4 × 400 m relay | 2009 2011 | 6th (semis) DNF (h) | 2009 Russian relay team disqualified. Disqualified at two editions |
| Nailya Yulamanova | | Women | Marathon | 2009 | 8th | Bronze medal-winning Russian team for the 2009 World Marathon Cup disqualified |
| Denis Alekseyev | | Men | 4 × 400 m relay | 2011 | 4th | Russian relay team disqualified |
| Ahmed Baday | | Men | Marathon | 2011 | 27th | |
| Sergey Bakulin | | Men | 50 kilometres walk | 2011 | | |
| Abderrahime Bouramdane | | Men | Marathon | 2011 | 4th | |
| Zoltán Kovágó | | Men | Discus throw | 2011 | 7th (q) | |
| Lim Hee-Nam | | Men | 4 × 100 m relay | 2011 | 5th (h) | South Korean relay team disqualified |
| Vladimir Kanaykin | | Men | 20 kilometres walk | 2011 | | |
| Hadi Md Nor Imran | | Men | 100 m | 2011 | 7th (q-finals) | |
| Sergey Morozov | | Men | 20 kilometres walk | 2011 | 12th | |
| Mohamed Othman Shahween | | Men | 1500 m | 2011 | DNF (h) | |
| Stanislav Yemelyanov | | Men | 20 kilometres walk | 2011 | 5th | |
| Igor Yerokhin | | Men | 50 kilometres walk | 2011 | ||
| Aslı Çakır Alptekin | | Women | 1500 m | 2011 | 10th (semis) | |
| Bahar Doğan | | Women | Marathon | 2011 | 36th | |
| Inna Eftimova | | Women | 100 m | 2011 | 4th (h) | |
| Tetyana Gamera | | Women | Marathon | 2011 | 15th | |
| Semoy Hackett | | Women | 100 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2011 | 4th (semis) | 4th-placed Trinidad and Tobago relay team disqualified |
| Norjannah Hafiszah Jamaludin | | Women | 100 m | 2011 | 6th (q-finals) | |
| Natallia Kareiva | | Women | 1500 m | 2011 | 6th (h) | |
| Yekaterina Kostetskaya | | Women | 800 m | 2011 | 5th | |
| Olga Kucherenko | | Women | Long jump | 2011 2013 | 5th | Disqualified at two editions |
| Yekaterina Sharmina | | Women | 1500 m | 2011 2013 | 9th (semis) 6th | Disqualified at two editions |
| Tatyana Mineyeva | | Women | 20 kilometres walk | 2011 | 17th | |
| Sara Moreira | | Women | 3000 m steeplechase | 2011 | 12th | |
| Semiha Mutlu | | Women | 20 kilometres walk | 2011 | DNF | |
| Anna Omorova | | Women | Shot put | 2011 | 10th | |
| Marielys Rojas | | Women | High jump | 2011 | 12th (q) | |
| Yuliya Stepanova | | Women | 800 m | 2011 | 8th | |
| Pınar Saka | | Women | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 2011 | 6th (h) | Turkish relay team disqualified |
| Mariya Savinova | | Women | 800 m | 2011 2013 | | Disqualified at two editions |
| Anzhelika Shevchenko | | Women | 1500 m | 2011 | 9th (h) | |
| Olesya Syreva | | Women | 1500 m | 2011 | 9th (semis) | |
| Nataliya Tobias | | Women | 1500 m | 2011 | 9th | |
| Binnaz Uslu | | Women | 3000 m steeplechase | 2011 | 7th | |
| Antonina Yefremova | | Women | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 2011 | 4th (semis) | Fifth-place Ukrainian relay team disqualified |
| Lyudmyla Yosypenko | | Women | Heptathlon | 2011 | 10th | |
| Yuliya Zaripova | | Women | 3000 m steeplechase | 2011 | | |
| Roman Avramenko | | Men | Javelin throw | 2013 | 5th | |
| Massoud Azizi | | Men | 100 m | 2013 | 8th (h) | |
| Hafid Chani | | Men | Marathon | 2013 | DNF | |
| Othmane El Goumri | | Men | 5000 m | 2013 2015 | 7th (h) 13th (h) | Disqualified at two editions |
| Pavel Kryvitski | | Men | Hammer throw | 2013 | 9th (q) | |
| Ebrahim Rahimian | | Men | 20 kilometres walk | 2013 | 52nd | |
| Joshua Ross | | Men | 200 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2013 | 7th (h) | Australian relay team disqualified |
| Jeremias Saloj | | Men | Marathon | 2013 | 33rd | |
| Sergio Sánchez | | Men | 5000 m | 2013 | 14th (h) | |
| Soslan Tsirikhov | | Men | Shot put | 2013 | 13th (q) | |
| Anna Bulgakova | | Women | Hammer throw | 2013 | 5th | |
| Yelizaveta Bryzgina | | Women | 200 m 4 × 100 m relay | 2013 | 5th (semis) | Ukrainian relay team disqualified |
| Vera Ganeyeva | | Women | Discus throw | 2013 | 7th (q) | |
| Ümmü Kiraz | | Women | Marathon | 2013 | DNF | |
| Yevgeniya Kolodko | | Women | Shot put | 2013 | 5th | |
| Ayman Kozhakhmetova | | Women | 20 kilometres walk | 2013 | 27th | |
| Antonina Krivoshapka | | Women | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 2013 | | Gold medal-winning Russian relay team disqualified |
| Yelena Ryabova | | Women | 200 m | 2013 | 6th (h) | |
| Adil Annani | | Men | Marathon | 2015 | DNF | |
| Yassine Bensghir | | Men | 1500 m | 2015 | 9th (semis) | |
| Tosin Adeloye | | Women | 400 m 4 × 400 m relay | 2015 | 5th (h) | Fourth-placed Nigerian relay team disqualified |
| Francisca Koki | | Women | 400 m hurdles | 2015 | 6th (h) | |
| Deborah Odeyemi | | Women | 4 × 100 m relay | 2015 | 8th (h) | Nigerian relay team disqualified |
| Joyce Zakari | | Women | 400 m | 2015 | DNS (semis) |
See also
References
- ↑ The Prohibited List. WADA. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- 1 2 IAAF ANTI-DOPING RULES. IAAF. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- ↑ IAAF statement in response to second McLaren report. IAAF (2016-12-09). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- 1 2 2017 World Championships in Athletics Statistics Book (pp. 82–87). IAAF (2017). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- ↑ Doping: More than 30% of athletes at 2011 Worlds admit to doping. BBC Sport (2017-08-29). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- ↑ IAAF commitment to healthy and drug-free athletics. IAAF. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- ↑ IAAF clears eight Russian athletes to compete as neutrals but rejects 53 more. The Guardian (2017-07-20). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- ↑ World Championships 2017: Three 'adverse' London findings investigated. BBC Sport (2017-08-25). Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- List of banned athletes
- 2017 World Championships in Athletics Statistics Book (pp. 82–87). IAAF (2017). Retrieved 2018-03-17.