Dobro

Dobro Manufacturing Company
Division
Industry Musical instruments
Fate Acquired by Gibson in 1994
Founded 1928
Founder John Dopyera
Headquarters United States
Area served
 Worldwide
Products Resonator guitars
Parent Gibson
(through the brand Epiphone)[1]
Website Dobro on Epiphone

Dobro is an American brand of resonator guitar, currently owned by the Gibson Guitar Corporation. In popular usage, the term is also used as a generic trademark for any wood-bodied, single-cone resonator guitar.

The Dobro was originally made by the Dopyera brothers when they formed the Dobro Manufacturing Company. Their design, with a single inverted resonator, was introduced to compete with the patented Tricone and biscuit designs produced by the National String Instrument Corporation. The Dobro name appeared on other instruments, notably electric lap steel guitars and solid body electric guitars and on other resonator instruments such as Safari resonator mandolins.

History

1928 "Dobro-style" 37 tenor guitar
Resonator guitar with single inverted resonator
Spider resonator detail
Dobro-style resonator guitar made by Hohner

The name originated in 1928 when the Dopyera brothers, John and Emil (Ed), formed the Dobro Manufacturing Company. Dobro is both a contraction of "Dopyera brothers" and a word meaning 'good' in their native Slovak. An early company motto was "Dobro means good in any language."

The Dobro was the third resonator guitar design by John Dopyera, the inventor of the resonator guitar, but the second to enter production. Unlike his earlier tricone design, the Dobro had a single resonator cone and it was inverted, with its concave surface facing up. The Dobro company described this as a bowl shaped resonator.

The Dobro was louder than the tricone and cheaper to produce. In Dopyera's opinion, the cost of manufacture had priced the resonator guitar beyond the reach of many players. His failure to convince his fellow directors at the National String Instrument Corporation to produce a single-cone version was a motivating factor for leaving.

Since National had applied for a patent on the single cone (U.S. Patent 1,808,756), Dopyera had to develop an alternative design. He did this by inverting the cone so that, rather than having the strings rest on the apex of the cone as the National method did, they rested on a cast aluminum spider that had eight legs sitting on the perimeter of the downward-pointing cone (U.S. Patent 1,896,484).

In the following years both Dobro and National built a wide variety of metal- and wood-bodied single-cone guitars, while National also continued with the Tricone for a time. Both companies sourced many components from National director Adolph Rickenbacher, and John Dopyera remained a major shareholder in National. By 1934, the Dopyera brothers had gained control of both National and Dobro, and they merged the companies to form the National-Dobro Corporation.

From the outset, wooden bodies had been sourced from existing guitar manufacturers, particularly the plywood student guitar bodies made by the Regal Musical Instrument Company. Dobro had granted Regal a license to manufacture resonator instruments. By 1937, it was the only manufacturer, and the license was officially made exclusive. Regal continued to manufacture and sell resonator instruments under many names, including Regal, Dobro, Old Kraftsman, and Ward. However, they ceased all resonator guitar production following the United States entry into World War II in 1941.

Emil Dopyera (also known as Ed Dopera) manufactured Dobros from 1959 under the brand name Dopera's Original before selling the company and name to Semie Moseley. Moseley merged it with his Mosrite guitar company and manufactured Dobros for a time. Meanwhile, in 1967, Rudy and Emil Dopyera formed the Original Musical Instrument Company (OMI) to manufacture resonator guitars, which they at first branded Hound Dog. However, in 1970, they again acquired the Dobro name—Mosrite having gone into temporary liquidation.

The Gibson Guitar Corporation acquired OMI in 1993, along with the Dobro name.[2] They renamed the company Original Acoustic Instruments and moved production to Nashville. Gibson now uses the name Dobro only for models with the inverted-cone design that the original Dobro Manufacturing Company used. Gibson also carries biscuit-style single-resonator guitars, but it sells them under names such as "Hound Dog" (through its subsidiary Epiphone).[1] The Dobro was first introduced to country music by Roy Acuff.

Generic usage

The name Dobro is generically associated with any and all resonator designs.

Gibson, as the owner of the trademark, reserves the use of the name Dobro as a registered trademark for its own product line.[3]

Notwithstanding, the name is sometimes used generically for any resonator guitar, as indicated in such songs as The Ballad of Curtis Loew by Lynyrd Skynyrd, Valium Waltz by the Old 97's, When Papa Played the Dobro by Johnny Cash on the Ride This Train album.

Products

  • Hound Dog Roundneck
  • Hound Dog Squareneck
  • Hound Dog Deluxe Roundneck
  • Hound Dog Deluxe Squareneck
  • Phil Ledbetter Series
  • Gibson Phil Ledbetter Signature Resonator
  • Gibson Phil Ledbetter Mahogany "Limited Edition"

Modern instruments

As of 2006, many makers, including Gibson, were manufacturing resonator guitars similar to the original inverted-cone design. Gibson also manufactures biscuit-style resonator guitars, but reserves the Dobro name for its inverted-cone models. These "biscuit" guitars are often used for blues and are played vertically instead of horizontally like a "spider" bridge.

Contemporary manufacturers of the inverted cone design resonator guitar other than Gibson include Tim Scheerhorn and Paul Beard. Virtuoso resonator guitarist Jerry Douglas has primarily used guitars from these builders for nearly three decades. Both Scheerhorn and Beard produce instruments of a radically different structural design to the original Dobro instruments, while retaining the inverted cone and spider bridge.

References

  1. 1 2 "Bluegrass instruments at Epiphone website".
  2. ↑ US Trademark Registration Number 0950801, January 16, 1973
  3. ↑ "DOBRO Trademark of DOPERA, EDGAR E. - Registration Number 0950801 - Serial Number 72394267 :: Justia Trademarks". trademarks.justia.com.
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