Cyrus Edwin Dallin

Cyrus Dallin
Cyrus Dallin, c.1880
Born (1861-11-22)November 22, 1861
Springville, Utah
Died November 14, 1944(1944-11-14) (aged 82)
Arlington, Massachusetts
Nationality American
Education Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Académie Julian
Known for Sculpture
Notable work The Angel Moroni (1893)
Paul Revere (1899-1940)
Appeal to the Great Spirit (1909)
Spouse(s) Vittoria Colonna Murray
Olympic medal record
Men's Archery
1904 St. LouisTeam round

Cyrus Edwin Dallin (November 22, 1861 – November 14, 1944) was an American sculptor best known for his depictions of Native American men. He created more than 260 works, including the equestrian statue of Paul Revere in Boston, Massachusetts; the Angel Moroni atop Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City, Utah; and his most famous work, Appeal to the Great Spirit, at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. He was also an Olympic archer.

Biography

Portrait of Dallin, 1899.

Dallin, the son of Thomas and Jane (Hamer) Dallin, was born in Springville, Utah Territory, to a family then belonging to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). At age 19, he moved to Boston to study sculpture with Truman Howe Bartlett. He studied in Paris, with Henri Chapu and at the Académie Julian.[1]

In 1883, he entered the competition for an equestrian statue of Paul Revere for Boston, Massachusetts. He won the competition and received a contract, but four versions of his model were rejected. The fifth version was accepted in 1899, but fundraising problems delayed the project for decades. The full-size statue was unveiled in 1940.[2][3]

Dallin converted to Unitarianism,[4] and initially turned down the offer to sculpt the angel Moroni for the spire of the LDS Church's Salt Lake Temple. He later accepted the commission and, after finishing the statue said, "My angel Moroni brought me nearer to God than anything I ever did."[5] [6] His statue became a symbol for the LDS Church and was the model for other angel Moroni statues on the spires of LDS Church temples.

In Boston, Dallin became a colleague of Augustus St. Gaudens and a close friend of John Singer Sargent. He married Vittoria Colonna Murray in 1891, and returned to Utah to work on The Angel Moroni (1893). He taught for a year at the Drexel Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, while completing his Sir Isaac Newton (1895) for the Library of Congress. In 1897, he traveled to Paris, and studied with Jean Dampt. He entered a Don Quixote statuette in the Salon of 1897, and Medicine Man in the Salon of 1899 and the Exposition Universelle (1900).[1] The couple moved to Arlington, Massachusetts in 1900, where they lived for the rest of their lives and raised three sons. From 1899 to 1941, he was a member of the faculty of Massachusetts Normal Art School (now the Massachusetts College of Art and Design). In 1912, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1930.

At the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, Dallin competed in archery, winning the bronze medal in the team competition.[7] He finished ninth in the Double American round and 12th in the Double York round.[8]

Epic of the Indian

Dallin created a four-piece equestrian series called The Epic of the Indian, consisting of A Signal of Peace, or “The Welcome” (1890); The Medicine Man, or “The Warning” (1899); The Protest, or “The Defiance” (1904); and Appeal to the Great Spirit (1909).[9][10]

A Signal of Peace was exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, and was installed in Chicago's Lincoln Park in 1894.

The Medicine Man was exhibited at the 1899 Paris Salon, and the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris, where it won a gold medal.[11] It was installed in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park in 1903.

The full-size staff version of The Protest was exhibited at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, where it won a gold medal. The mounted brave defiantly shaking his fist at an enemy was never cast as a full-size bronze, and survives only in statuette form. A one-third-size bronze version, cast in 1986, is at the Springville Museum of Art in Springville, Utah.[12]

Appeal to the Great Spirit became an icon of American art, and is Dallin's most famous work.[13] The full-size version was cast in bronze in Paris, and won a gold medal at the 1909 Paris Salon. It was installed outside the main entrance to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1913. Smaller versions of the work are in numerous American museums and the permanent collection of the White House.

In 1929, a one-third-size bronze version was installed in Muncie, Indiana—at the intersection of Walnut and Granville Streets—and is considered by many Munsonians to be a symbol of their city. A one-third-size plaster version was given to Tulsa, Oklahoma's Central High in 1923. It stood in the school's main hall until 1976, when Central closed its doors.[14] In 1985, that plaster was used to cast a one-third-size bronze version, which is now in Woodward Park (Tulsa), at the intersection of 21st & Peoria Streets.[15]

Legacy

Cyrus E. Dallin Art Museum in Arlington, Massachusetts.

The Jefferson Cutter House in Arlington, Massachusetts is now a museum devoted to his works.[16] A local elementary school is named in his honor.[17] More than 30 examples of his work are on display at the Springville Museum of Art in his birthplace of Springville, Utah.[2]

His papers are at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art.[18]

The Dallin House at 253 S. 300 East in Springville, Utah and the Taylor-Dallin House in Arlington, Massachusetts are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to their association with Dallin.

Selected works

The Angel Moroni (1893), atop Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Native American works

References

  1. 1 2 "Cyrus Dallin: American Sculptor". Harvardsquarelibrary.org. 1944-11-14. Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  2. 1 2 "Springville Museum of Art". Sma.nebo.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  3. ↑ "Utah History Encyclopedia". Media.utah.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  4. ↑ Herbert Vetter (Author). "Herbert Vetter, ''Notable American Unitarians, 1936–1961'' (2007)". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
  5. ↑ Levi Edgar Young, “The Angel Moroni and Cyrus Dallin,” Improvement Era, April 1953, p. 234.
  6. ↑ "Sculptor’s Works Top Temple Towers Worldwide", Ensign, April 2006.
  7. ↑ Cyrus Dallin Olympic medals and stats Archived 2007-08-25 at the Wayback Machine. at www.databaseolympics.com
  8. ↑ "Archery - Cyrus Edwin Dallin (United States) : season totals". The-sports.org. 1904-09-21. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  9. ↑ Edward Livermore Burlingame; Robert Bridges; Harlan Logan, eds. (1915). Scribner's magazine. 57.
  10. ↑ "Sculpture". Hoodmuseum.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  11. ↑ "Cyrus Dallin - American Sculptor". Bronze-gallery.com. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
  12. ↑ "The Protest". Smofa.org. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
  13. ↑ Appeal to the Great Spirit from Boston Public Art.
  14. ↑ "Tulsa Central High School Foundation Projects". Tulsacentralalumni.org. 2003-02-21. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  15. ↑ "Appeal to the Great Spirit, (sculpture)". Siris
  16. ↑ "The Cyrus E. Dallin Art Museum". dallin.org. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
  17. ↑ "Dallin Elementary School". Arlington.k12.ma.us. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  18. ↑ Archives of American Art. "Summary of the Cyrus Edwin Dallin papers, 1883–1970 | Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution". Aaa.si.edu. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  19. ↑ The Mormon metropolis: an illustrated guide to Salt Lake City and its environs. Magazine Printing Co. 1899. p. 38.
  20. 1 2 Wikisource "Dallin, Cyrus Edwin". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
  21. ↑ "Don Quixote de La Mancha: The Knight of the Windmill". Springville Museum of Art. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  22. ↑ Utah Museum of Fine Arts. "View of Hobble Creek". Collections.umfa.utah.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
  23. ↑ The Whitney Tablet Archived November 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine., retrieved from the National Textile Association Website, February 9, 2009
  24. ↑ "Battle of Hanover Marker". Hmdb.org. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
  25. ↑ "Indian War Memorial". Markers and Monuments Database. Utah State History. Archived from the original on June 26, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
  26. ↑ General Hancock from SIRIS.
  27. ↑ "General Hancock". Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
  28. ↑ Syracuse Soldiers & Sailors Monument from SIRIS.
  29. ↑ Anne Hutchinson from SIRIS.
  30. ↑ Governor Bradford from SIRIS.
  31. ↑ "The Pioneer Mother". Markers and Monuments Database. Utah State History. Archived from the original on 2012-07-08.
  32. ↑ The Protest Archived July 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. from Northeast Fine Arts.
  33. ↑ The Protest, from SIRIS.
  34. ↑ Muncie Appeal from SIRIS.
  35. ↑ Tim Janicke, City of Art: Kansas City's Public Art (Kansas City, MO: Kansas City Star Books, 2001), p. 15. ISBN 0-9709131-8-4
  36. ↑ Utah Museum of Fine Arts. "On the Warpath #28". Collections.umfa.utah.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
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