Archery at the Summer Olympics

Archery at the Summer Olympics
Governing body WA
Events 4 (men: 2; women: 2)
Games
  • 1924
  • 1928
  • 1932
  • 1936
  • 1948
  • 1952

Archery had its debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics and has been contested in 16 Olympiads. Eighty-four nations have competed in the Olympic archery events, with France appearing the most often at 31 times. The most noticeable trend has been the excellence of South Korean archers, who have won 23 out of 34 gold medals in events since 1984. It is governed by the World Archery Federation (WA; formerly FITA). Recurve archery is the only discipline of archery featured at the Olympic Games. Archery is also an event at the Summer Paralympics.

History

The second Olympic games, Paris 1900, saw the first appearance of archery. Seven disciplines in varying distances were contested. The next Olympics, St. Louis 1904, featured archery events, but no athletes outside the United States competed. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, three archery events were held. Archery was not featured at the 1912 Summer Olympics but reappeared in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Between 1920 and 1972, archery was not contested at the Olympic games. The archery competition featured at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich consisted of a double FITA Round (from 2014 known as a '1440 Round') competition with two events: men's individual and women's individual. This form of archery competition was held until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when team competition was added and the Grand FITA Round format was used. Starting at the 1992 Summer Olympics, the Olympic Round with head-to-head matches was adopted and has been used ever since.

In 1984 at Los Angeles, Neroli Fairhall of New Zealand was the first paraplegic competitor in the Olympic Games.

Medal tables

1900–1920

This table includes archery competitions in 1900, 1904, 1908, and 1920. These four years preceded the modern, standardized archery competition under the rules of the World Archery Federation.[1] They were contested by three nations at most in any given year. In one year (1904), only the United States competed. Other nations that competed during that period were France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Great Britain. In some events in Antwerp (1920) bronze medals were not awarded.[2][3]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Belgium (BEL)116320
2 United States (USA)66618
3 France (FRA)510621
4 Great Britain (GBR)2215
5 Netherlands (NED)1001
Totals (5 nations)25241665

From 1972

1972 marked the beginning of the modern archery competition at the Olympic Games. The events began to use standardized forms and many nations competed.[1]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 South Korea239739
2 United States85316
3 Italy2237
4 China1629
5 Soviet Union1337
6 Finland1124
 Ukraine1124
8 France1113
9 Australia1023
10 Spain1001
11 Japan0325
12 Germany0213
13 Sweden0202
14 Chinese Taipei0123
15 Mexico0112
 Poland0112
 Russia0112
18 Indonesia0101
19 Great Britain0044
20 Unified Team0022
21 Netherlands0011
Totals (21 nations)404040120


All years

This table includes archery competitions in 1900, 1904, 1908, and 1920 in addition to the ones from 1972 on, which are shown above.

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 South Korea (KOR)239739
2 United States (USA)1411934
3 Belgium (BEL)116320
4 France (FRA)611724
5 Great Britain (GBR)2259
6 Italy (ITA)2237
7 China (CHN)1629
8 Soviet Union (URS)1337
9 Finland (FIN)1124
 Ukraine (UKR)1124
11 Australia (AUS)1023
12 Netherlands (NED)1012
13 Spain (ESP)1001
14 Japan (JPN)0325
15 Germany (GER)0213
16 Sweden (SWE)0202
17 Chinese Taipei (TPE)0123
18 Mexico (MEX)0112
 Poland (POL)0112
 Russia (RUS)0112
21 Indonesia (INA)0101
22 Unified Team (EUN)0022
Totals (22 nations)656456185


Qualification

Qualification spots in archery are allotted to National Olympic Committees rather than to individual athletes. The minimum age for an Olympic archer is 16. There are two ways an NOC may earn qualification spots: by team or by individual. For each gender, an NOC that earns a team qualification spot may send three archers to compete in that team event; each archer also competes in the individual competition. NOCs that earn individual qualification spots are limited to a single entry in the individual event.

For each gender, there are 12 team qualification spots: the host nation, the top 8 teams at the World Archery Championships, and the top 3 teams at the Final World Team Qualification Tournament.[4]

In addition to the 36 entries awarded through team qualification, an additional 28 individual qualification spots are available for each gender, bringing the total number of competitors in each individual event to 64.

Qualification for the mixed team event is done through the ranking round at the Olympics.

2012

For 2012, the qualification rules were adjusted slightly. The host nation continued to receive three spots, as did the top eight teams at the World Championship. However, only 8 further individuals qualified through the individual placement at the World Championship. The continental tournaments received unbalanced allocations, with Africa and Oceania receiving only two qualification spots to the other continents' three. The Tripartite Commission retained its three selections. The remaining 13 spots were decided by Final Qualification Tournaments. Three additional team spots (9 individual spots) were allocated through the Final Qualification team event, and the last 4 spots through the Final Qualification individual tournament. If any of the NOCs qualifying through Final Qualification had already earned an individual spot, one more spot as added to the individual Final Qualification quota.[5]

2016

Africa received 3 qualification spots in the continental tournaments, leaving Oceania as the only continent to receive 2 spots rather than 3.

2020

For the 2020 Olympics, the five Continental Games were added to the qualification pathway. The winning NOC in the mixed team event at each of the five receives one allocation spot per gender; there is also one quota spot per gender for the individual event winners at the Asian, European, and Pan American Games. The World Championship allocation was reduced to 4 per gender and the Tripartite Commission allocation was reduced to 2 per gender. The European continental tournament received an additional spot (up to 4) at the expense of Oceania (down to 1) and Africa (down to 2). The base allocation for the final individual qualification tournament was reduced to only 1 per gender, though this tournament also reallocates unused quota spots.

Competition

From 1988 through 2016, Olympic archery consisted of four medal events: men's individual, women's individual, men's team, and women's team. The mixed team event is being added in 2020. In all five events, the distance from the archer to the target is 70 meters.

Individual

In the individual competitions, 64 archers compete. The competition begins with the ranking round. Each archer shoots 72 arrows (in six ends, or groups, of 12 arrows). They are then ranked by score to determine their seeding for the single-elimination bracket. After this, final rankings for each archer are determined by the archer's score in the round in which the archer was defeated, with the archers defeated in the first round being ranked 33rd through 64th.

Pre-2008

The first elimination round pits the first ranked archer against the sixty-fourth, the second against the sixty-third, and so on. In this match as well as the second and third, the archers shoot simultaneously 18 arrows in ends of 3 arrows. The archer with the higher score after 18 arrows moves on to the next round while the loser is eliminated.

After three such rounds, there are 8 archers remaining. The remaining three rounds (quarterfinals, semifinals, and medal matches) are referred to as the finals rounds. They consist of each archer shooting 12 arrows, again in ends of 3 arrows. The two archers in the match alternate by arrow instead of shooting their arrows simultaneously as in the first three rounds. The losers of the quarterfinals are eliminated, while the losers of the semifinals play each other to determine the bronze medal and fourth place. The two archers who are undefeated through the semifinals face each other in the gold medal match, in which the winner takes the gold medal while the loser receives the silver medal.

2008 changes

All matches in 2008 were in the previous finals round format, using 12 arrow matches. Archers alternated shooting by arrow.

2012 changes

The individual match system was completely overhauled for the 2012 Olympics, though the single elimination with bronze medal match format was retained. The matches now consisted of sets. Each set comprised both archers shooting three arrows. The archer with the best score in the set received two points; if the set was drawn, each archer received one point. The match would continue until one archer reached six points. If the match was tied after five sets, a single arrow shoot-off was held with the closest arrow to center winning.[6]

Team

The team event uses the results of the same ranking round as the individual competition to determine seeding for the teams. The team's three individual archers' scores are summed to get a team ranking round score. The competition thereafter is a single-elimination bracket, with the top 4 teams receiving a bye into the quarterfinals. The semifinal losers face each other in the bronze medal match. The set format from the individual competition was not used in 2012, but was used beginning in 2016.[7] In team matches prior to 2016, each archer shot 8 arrows, with the best overall team score (for the total of 24 arrows) winning the match. Beginning with 2016, the set format (with each archer shooting two arrows per set for a total of six arrows per team per set) is used.

Mixed team

The mixed team competition uses the results of the ranking round to both qualify and seed teams. Each of the 16 teams that compete consist of one man and one woman.

Events

Early Games

Early Olympic archery competitions had events that were unique for each of the Games.

1900 1904 1908 1912 1920
6 events, men only 6 events, men and women 3 events, men and women not held 10 events, men only
 

Modern Games

Current program
Event72768084889296000408121620Years
Men's individual X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
Men's team X X X X X X X X X 9
Women's individual X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13
Women's team X X X X X X X X X 9
Mixed team X 1
Events222244444444545

Participating nations

The following nations have taken part in the Archery competition.

96   In the table headings, indicates the Games year, from 1896 to 2012
3 Number of archers participated in the specified Games
Archery not competed in these years
Host nation for the specified Games
  NOC did not compete in Games or was superseded or preceded by other NOC(s) during these years
Event00040820727680848892960004081216Years
 Argentina (ARG)21
 Australia (AUS)ANZ34323356652412
 Austria (AUT) 11114
 Azerbaijan (AZE)Russian EmpireSoviet UnionEUN11
 Bangladesh (BAN)112
 Belarus (BLR)Russian EmpireSoviet UnionEUN2222116
 Belgium (BEL)181432253111111
 Bhutan (BHU)6362222119
 Brazil (BRA)21221167
 Bulgaria (BUL)2111116
 Canada (CAN)6434331242211
 Central African Republic (CAF)11
 Chile (CHI)1113
 China (CHN)6666656669
 Chinese Taipei (TPE)126363666610
 Colombia (COL)113245
 Costa Rica (CRC)2213
 Cuba (CUB)411115
 Cyprus (CYP)112
 Czech Republic (CZE) BohemiaCzechoslovakia21
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 312
 Denmark (DEN)413311238
 Dominican Republic (DOM)11
 Egypt (EGY)142225
 El Salvador (ESA)112
 Estonia (EST)Russian EmpireSoviet Union11114
 Fiji (FIJ)1113
 Finland (FIN)3245633311211
 France (FRA)1291585226645654314
 Georgia (GEO)Russian EmpireSoviet UnionEUN1322136
 Germany (GER) 63442227
 West Germany (FRG) Germany4356Germany4
 Great Britain (GBR)4164466633466213
 Greece (GRE)162115
 Guam (GUM)11
 Hong Kong (HKG)63114
 Hungary (HUN) 24324
 India (IND)33264647
 Indonesia (INA)1224431221411
 Iran (IRI)2213
 Iraq (IRQ)11
 Ireland (IRL)1323116
 Italy (ITA)34333466466612
 Ivory Coast (CIV)112
 Japan (JPN)4456655656411
 Jordan (JOR)11
 Kazakhstan (KAZ)Russian EmpireSoviet UnionEUN6431226
 Kenya (KEN)2113
 North Korea (PRK)23312117
 South Korea (KOR)366666666610
 Laos (LAO)11
 Libya (LBA)11
 Luxembourg (LUX)21311116
 Malawi (MAW)11
 Malaysia (MAS)13434
 Malta (MLT)2113
 Mauritius (MRI)1113
 Mexico (MEX)624432346410
 Moldova (MDA)Russian EmpireROUSoviet UnionEUN1113
 Monaco (MON)112
 Mongolia (MGL)344311217
 Morocco (MAR)11
 Myanmar (MYA)111115
 Nepal (NEP)11
 Netherlands (NED)6822362331311
 New Zealand (NZL)ANZ13111217
 Norway (NOR)411114118
 Philippines (PHI)3211126
 Poland (POL)4433645462111
 Portugal (POR)1311116
 Puerto Rico (PUR)121215
 Qatar (QAT)11
 Romania (ROU) 412
 Russia (RUS) Russian EmpireSoviet UnionEUN6455336
 Samoa (SAM)112
 San Marino (SMR)1113
 Saudi Arabia (KSA)322
 Slovakia (SVK)HungaryCzechoslovakia21
 Slovenia (SLO)Austria / HungaryYugoslavia13114
 Solomon Islands (SOL)11
 South Africa (RSA)2321116
 Soviet Union (URS)Russian Empire6346EUN4
 Unified Team (EUN) URSSoviet Union61
 Spain (ESP)2244411212411
 Sweden (SWE)54356366311112
 Switzerland (SUI)4432126
 Tajikistan (TJK)Russian EmpireSoviet UnionEUN112
 Thailand (THA)32114
 Tonga (TGA)122
 Turkey (TUR)2664642129
 Uganda (UGA)11
 Ukraine (UKR)Russian EmpireSoviet UnionEUN6665646
 United States (USA)2916466566656413
 Vanuatu (VAN)11
 Venezuela (VEN)1223
 Yugoslavia (YUG) 112
 Zimbabwe (ZIM)1413
No. of nations313327242535414441464349555698
No. of archers153295730956467109146135125128128128128128
Year00040820727680848892960004081216Years

Records

The Olympic records for archery are for the competition format established in 1992.

Men's
# of arrowsArcher(s)ScoreGames
72 (ranking)  Kim Woo-jin (KOR) 700 2016
18  Park Kyung-mo (KOR) 173 2004
12  Lee Chang-hwan (KOR) 117 2008
36 (finals)  Tim Cuddihy (AUS) 340 2004
216 (team ranking)  South Korea (KOR)
Im Dong-Hyun
Kim Bub-Min
Oh Jin-Hyek
2087 2012
27 (team)  South Korea (KOR)
Jang Yong-ho
Oh Kyo-moon
Kim Chung-tae
258 2000
54 (team finals)  United States (USA)
Justin Huish
Butch Johnson
Rod White
502 1996
Women's
# of arrowsArcher(s)ScoreGames
72 (ranking)  Park Sung-hyun (KOR) 682 2004
18  Yun Mi-jin (KOR) 173 2000
2004
12  Park Sung-hyun (KOR) 115 2008
36 (finals)  Kim Nam-soon (KOR) 334 2000
215 (team ranking)  South Korea (KOR)
Park Sung-hyun
Lee Sung-jin
Yun Mi-jin
2030 2004
27 (team)  South Korea (KOR)
Kim Soo-nyung
Kim Nam-soon
Yun Mi-jin
252 2000
54 (team finals)  South Korea (KOR)
Kim Soo-nyung
Kim Nam-soon
Yun Mi-jin
502 2000
24 (team finals)  South Korea (KOR)
Park Sung-hyun
Joo Hyun-jung
Yun Ok-hee
231 2008

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "History of World Archery". World Archery Federation. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
  2. Belgium Olympic Committee (1957). Olympic Games Antwerp 1920: Official Report (in French).
  3. International Olympic Committee medal database
  4. "Archery Qualification" (PDF). World Archery Federation. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  5. 2012 London Qualification System
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