Cyanoramphus

Cyanoramphus
Red-crowned parakeet
(Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Psittaciformes
Family:Psittaculidae
Tribe:Platycercini
Genus:Cyanoramphus
Bonaparte, 1854
Species

Cyanoramphus auriceps
Cyanoramphus erythrotis (extinct)
Cyanoramphus malherbi
Cyanoramphus hochstetteri
Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
Cyanoramphus saisetti
Cyanoramphus ulietanus (extinct)
Cyanoramphus unicolor
Cyanoramphus zealandicus (extinct)
Cyanoramphus cooki
Cyanoramphus subflavescnes (extinct)

Cyanoramphus is a genus of parakeets native to New Zealand and islands of the southern Pacific Ocean. The New Zealand forms are often referred to as kākāriki. They are small to medium-sized parakeets with long tails and predominately green plumage. Most species are forest species, although several of the subantarctic species live in open grassland. The genus formerly had a disjunct distribution, with two species found in the Society Islands and the majority of the genus ranging from New Caledonia to Macquarie Island, but absent from the 4100 km in between. Despite many fossil birds being found in the islands between these two areas being found none of these were of undescribed Cyanoramphus species.[1]

Like many other species of birds the Cyanoramphus parakeets have suffered from changes brought about by humans. The two species from the Society Islands, the black-fronted parakeet and the Society parakeet, have become extinct as have the subspecies from Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island, as well as an undescribed form from Campbell Island. One species, the Malherbe's parakeet (C. malherbi), is critically endangered while most other species are endangered or vulnerable. Habitat loss and introduced species are considered responsible for the declines and extinctions.[2]

Species

 

Eunymphicus

 
Cyanoramphus

 

New Caledonian parakeet (C. saisseti)

 
 

 

Chatham parakeet (C. forbesi)

 
 

 

Norfolk parakeet (C. cooki)

 
 

Antipodes parakeet (C. unicolor)

 
 

 

Yellow-crowned parakeet (C. auriceps)

 
 

 

 

Malherbe's parakeet (C. malherbi)

 
 

Reischek's parakeet (C. hochstetteri)

 
 
 

 

Red-crowned parakeet (C. n. chathamensis)

 
 

Red-crowned parakeet (C. n. novaezelandiae)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phylogeny of Cyanoramphus

The list currently accepted of Cyanoramphus taxa, following Boon et al. (2001)[3] is:

The two forms of C. erythrotis are usually considered to be distinct species: the single specimen believed to be from Macquarie Island (Canterbury Museum specimen AV2099, O'Connor catalog 369) in Boon et al.'s analysis has turned out to be from the Antipodes Islands population (hochstetteri) instead.[6] In addition there are subfossil remains from a yet undescribed extinct Cyanonoramphus species from Campbell Island.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Steadman D, (2006). Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds, University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77142-7
  2. ↑ Taylor R (1979) "How the Macquarie Island Parakeet Became Extinct" New Zealand Journal of Ecology 2: 42-45
  3. ↑ Boon, W.M.; Kearvell, J.; Daugherty, C. H.; Chambers, G. K. (2001): Molecular systematics and conservation of kakariki (Cyanoramphus spp.). Science for Conservation 176
  4. ↑ Christidis, L. and Boles, W. E. (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing Melbourne
  5. ↑ Michael P. Walters & Julian Pender Hume: Extinct Birds, Poyser Monographes A & C Black, 2012. ISBN 978-140-815-725-1 p 171
  6. ↑ Scofield, R. Paul (2005): The supposed Macquarie parakeet in the collection of Canterbury Museum. Notornis 52(2): 117-120. PDF fulltext
  7. ↑ Richard N. Holdaway; Jeanette M. Thorneycroft; Peter McClelland; Michael Bunce: Former presence of a parakeet (Cyanoramphus sp.) on Campbell Island, New Zealand subantarctic, with notes on the island's fossil sites and fossil record. Notornis 57: 8-18. 2010
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