Culgaith

Culgaith

An old Cumbrian farmhouse in Culgaith
Culgaith
Culgaith shown within Cumbria
Population 826 (2011)[1]
OS grid reference NY6129
Civil parish
  • Culgaith
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town PENRITH
Postcode district CA10
Dialling code 01768
Police Cumbria
Fire Cumbria
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK Parliament

Culgaith is a village and civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England. It is located on the River Eden, between Temple Sowerby and Langwathby. Amenities include All Saints Church,[2] and its associated primary school,[3] as well as a pub and garden centre. The village had a railway station, which closed in 1970.

Etymology

"This name is of most likely Brythonic origin. It is formed from an Old Celtic base *cūl, which has developed into Welsh 'cil', 'corner, retreat,' and British *koid, Welsh coed, 'wood'. The Old English form of the name would have been Cȳlcēt." [4]. The first element might also be *cǖl, 'narrow', which would give Culgaith the same etymology as Culcheth. [5]

Culgaith is less likely to be derived from Gaelic *cid gaoit or *cil gaoit, meaning 'at the back of the wind' and 'windy nook', respectively. [6]

All Saints Church, Culgaith.

History

Culgaith level crossing and signal box.
Remains in 1986

The village was probably named from Henry de Culgaith, Clerk, who received a grant of lands in Carlisle, the local see, in vico Francorum. In circa 1296, his widow Alice de Culgaith quitclaimed the dower held of Holm Abbey which included her late husband's fee farm for rents.[7] There was originally a chapel of Latin Christendom, attached to a mother church at Kirkland.[8][9]

However, at the time, the Lord of the Manor in Moieties of Land was Sir Michael de Hercla, later Earl of Carlisle. He fought alongside King Edward I in the Scottish wars of independence, and was present at the siege of Caerlaverock Castle in 1300. The Earl fell foul of the King, and was attained and sent to the dungeon at Carlisle. The Manor was alienated to Sir Hugh Monceby, a brave knight.

Lady Knyvett inherited the estates of the Morricebys and Pickerings at Culgaith. Sir Michael's son and heir Sir Andrew de Hercla further angered the new King Edward II, who ordered his execution at Carlisle in 1327, supposedly the year of his own demise.[10] Nonetheless, the wood, Kirklandres, at Culgaith Manor, was conveyed to the monks at York. During the Wars of the Roses, the Manor was transferred to the Priory of Carlisle, with the church and chapel of ease.[11]

A grammar school was founded at the heart of the village opposite the parish church, for the parishes of Culgaith and Blencarn. Lands at Culgaith was used to found the Barton Grammar School. Before his death in 1443 he conveyed the manor to Hugh Salkeld.[12]

By the census of 1811, the population of the area was grouped within the parish with the townships of Kirkland, Blencarn, and Skirwith. There were 141 houses and 608 inhabitants in the chapelry, under the superior township of Skirwith. The population did not grow significantly until the 1960s. During the previous hundred years, Culgaith increased by only four people.

During the industrial revolution the parish was distinctly agricultural, of which 3,052 acres were arable, 4625 were grazing pasture, and unbelievably, only 16 acres were woods in the whole of Kirk to Linton.[13]

Railway

Culgaith was served by a railway station, which opened in 1880 and closed down in May 1970.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Parish population 2011". Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  2. ↑ http://www.visitcumbria.com/churches/culgaith-all-saints-church.htm
  3. ↑ http://www.culgaith.org.uk/school.html
  4. ↑ Armstrong, A. M.; Mawer, A.; Stenton, F. M.; Dickens, B. (1950–52). The place-names of Cumberland. English Place-Name Society, vol.xx. Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 185.
  5. ↑ "The Brittonic Language in the Old North" (PDF).
  6. ↑ James B., Johnston. The Place-Names of England and Wales. p. 225. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. ↑ Bishop of Carlisle, Register
  8. ↑ Daniel Lysons and Samuel Lysons, 'General history: Civil and ecclesiastical divisions', in Magna Britannia: Volume 4, Cumberland (London, 1816), pp. xxviii-xxxi. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/magna-britannia/vol4/xxviii-xxxi.
  9. ↑ T.Cadell & W.Davies (eds.), Magna Britannia, vol.IV, Cumberland (London, 1816)
  10. ↑ the fate of this family is told in the Chronicle of Lanercost Abbey.
  11. ↑ C139/112/61; Cumberland and Westmorland. Antiquarian and Archaeological Society n.s. xxxiii. 53; Calendar of Pipe Rolls, 1429-36, p. 116.
  12. ↑ C139/112/61; Cumberland and Westmoreland. Antique and Archaeological Society n.s. xxxiii. 53; Calendar Pipe Rolls, 1429-36, p. 116.
  13. ↑ 'Kirkdale - Kirk-Linton', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 697-701. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp697-701.
  14. ↑ http://www2.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=ed5a57c6-1df6-41f7-a7f9-40fe934f3d28&Language=E&Section=FederalExperience
Sources

Quick, Michael (2009) [2001]. Railway passenger stations in Great Britain: a chronology (4th ed.). Oxford: Railway and Canal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-901461-57-5. OCLC 612226077.

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