Constraint-based grammar

Constraint-based grammars can perhaps be best understood in contrast to generative grammars. A generative grammar lists all the transformations, merges, movements, and deletions that can result in all well-formed sentences, while constraint-based grammars, take the opposite approach, allowing anything that is not otherwise constrained. "The grammar is nothing but a set of constraints that structures are required to satisfy in order to be considered well-formed."^[1] "A constraint-based grammar is more like a data base or a knowledge representation system than it is like a collection of algorithms."^[2]

Examples of such grammars include

the non-procedural variant of Transformational Grammar of Lakoff, that formulates constraints on potential tree sequences^[3]
Johnson and Postal’s formalization of Relational Grammar (1980), GPSG in the variants developed by Gazdar et al. (1988), Blackburn et al. (1993) and Rogers (1997)^[3]
LFG in the formalization of Kaplan (1995)^[3]
HPSG in the formalization of King (1999)^[3]
Constraint handling rule grammars^[4]

References

↑ Pollard, Carl. "The nature of constraint-based grammar" (PDF). 11th Pacific Asian conference on language, information and computation.
↑ Pollard, Carl. "The nature of constraint-based grammar" (PDF). 11th Pacific Asian conference on language, information and computation.
1 2 3 4 Müller, Stefan (2016). Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches. Berlin: Language Science Press. pp. 490–491.
↑ Christiansen, Henning. "CHR Grammars with multiple constraint stores." First Workshop on Constraint Handling Rules: Selected Contributions. Universität Ulm, Fakultät für Informatik, 2004.

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[1] Pollard, Carl. "The nature of constraint-based grammar" (PDF). 11th Pacific Asian conference on language, information and computation.

[2] Pollard, Carl. "The nature of constraint-based grammar" (PDF). 11th Pacific Asian conference on language, information and computation.

[=Müller-3] 1 2 3 4 Müller, Stefan (2016). Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches. Berlin: Language Science Press. pp. 490–491.

[4] Christiansen, Henning. "CHR Grammars with multiple constraint stores." First Workshop on Constraint Handling Rules: Selected Contributions. Universität Ulm, Fakultät für Informatik, 2004.