Computer Olympiad

The Computer Olympiad is a multi-games event in which computer programs compete against each other. For many games, the Computer Olympiads are an opportunity to claim the "world's best computer player" title. First contested in 1989, the majority of the games are board games but other games such as Bridge take place as well. In 2010, several puzzles were included in the competition.

History

Developed in the 1980s by David Levy, the first Computer Olympiad took place in 1989 at the Park Lane Hotel in London. The games ran on a yearly basis until after the 1992 games, when the Olympiad's ruling committee was unable to find a new organiser. This resulted in the games being suspended until 2000 when the Mind Sports Olympiad resurrected them. Recently, the International Computer Games Association (ICGA) has adopted the Computer Olympiad and tries to organise the event on an annual basis.

Originally held most often in London or Maastricht, cities from around the world have hosted the Olympiad.

Games contested

The games which have been contested at each olympiad are:

Link to Event Article	Olympiad and Year																		Link to Participants and Results
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Abalone								Y											Abalone
Amazons					Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y		Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y		Amazons
Awari	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y														Awari
Backgammon	Y	Y		Y			Y	Y			Y	Y				Y			Backgammon
Bridge	Y	Y	Y	Y			Y												Bridge
Chess	Y	Y	Y	Y										Y				Y	Chess
Chinese Chess	Y	Y	Y	Y		Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y		Chinese Chess
Chinese Dark Chess															Y		Y	Y	Chinese Dark Chess
Clobber										Y	Y				Y	Y	Y	Y	Clobber
Connect Four	Y																		Connect Four
Connect6											Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Connect6
Dominoes	Y																		Dominoes
Gin Rummy				Y															Gin Rummy
GIPF						Y													GIPF
Octi									Y										Octi
Poker								Y											Poker
Pool										Y	Y		Y						Pool

1st Computer Olympiad

Medals Awarded

Awari

1. Marco (R. Nierat)
2. Wali (E. van der Schilden)
3. Conchus (S. Thomas)

Backgammon

1. Neurogammon (Gerald Tesauro)
2. Video Gammon (R. Hoogerhyde)
3. Saitek Backgammon (Treesoft)

Bridge

1. Acol Master Bridge (Paul Jones)
2. Vtech (Tony Guilfoyle)
3. Oxford Bridge 3 (Andrew Bracher)

Checkers

1. Chinook (J. Schaeffer)
2. Checkers! (G. Dodgen)
3. Tournament Checkers (D. Butler)

Chess

1. Rebel (Ed Schroeder)
2. Mephisto (Richard Lang)
3. Fidelity (Kathe and Dan Spracklen)

Chinese Chess

1. Acer Chinese Chess (Y. Shi-Shun)
2. Chinese chess Expert Acme (K-M. Ts'ao)
3. Elephant (S-C. Hsu)

Connect-Four

1. Victor (V. Allis)
2. Heap (M. Taylor)
3. Four Blitz (H. van der Zijden)

Dominoes

1. LUciano (D. Borrajo)
2. Seneca (M. Alicia Perez)
3. Rio de la Plata (E. Gramajo)

Draughts

1. Dios '89 (E. van Riet Paap)
2. Truus (S. Keetman)
3. McDammen (R.P.G. van Bemmelen)

Go 19×19

1. SWISS Explorer (A. Kierulf)
2. Goliath (M. Boon)
3. Star of Poland (J. Kraszek)

Go 9×9

1. Dragon (D-Y. Lin)
2. Go Intellect (K. Chen)
3. Goliath (M. Boon)

Go-Moku

1. Matena (A. Frolov)
2. Homoku Sapiens (N. Alexandrov)
3. Domino (M. Muron and J. Novotny)

Othello

1. Polygon (A. Selby)
2. Comp'oth (F. Aguillon)
3. Badia (M. van Tien)

Renju

1/2. Renju Sapiens (A. Grigoriev)

1/2. Tandy Renju (R. Lang)

Scrabble

1. Crab (A. Appel, G. Jacobson, G. Thomas and S. Thomas)
2. Tyler (A. Frank)
3. Quetzal (T. Guilfoyle and R. Hooker)

2nd Computer Olympiad

Medals Awarded

Awari

1. Lithidion (University of Limburg) (NL)
2. Marco (R. Nierat)

Backgammon

1. Video Gammon (R. Hoogerhyde)
2. Prospero (R. Mills)

Bridge

1. Bridge Baron (T. Throop and T. Guilfoyle)
2. Oxford Bridge (A. Bracher)

Checkers

1. Colossus (M. Bryant)
2. Chinook (J. Schaeffer)
3. Checkermate (D. Oldbury and A. Millett)

Chess

1. Mephisto (R. Lang)
2. Rebel (E. Schroeder)
3. Zugzwang (P. Mysliwietz and R. Feldman)

Chinese Chess

1. Elephant (S-C. Hsu)
2. Chinese Chess Expert (K-M. Ts'ao)
3. NKS (H.S. Long and S. Zi)

Go 19×19

1. Go Intellect (K. Chen)
2. SWISS Explorer (A. Kierulf and M. Müller)
3. Go 4 (M. Reiss)

Go 9×9

1. Go Intellect (K. Chen)
2. Go 4 (M. Reiss)
3. Dragon (D-Y. Lin)

Go-Moku

1. Stone System (N. Alexandrov, M. Trukhan and A. Grigoriev)
2. Matena (A. Frolov)
3. Solid (A. Dolinsky) 3. XOXOXO (Lev Ilkov)

Othello

1. Dumbo (T. Duykers)
2. Vers2 (B. de Wolf)
3. Microb (M. Claverie)

Qubic

1. Qubic (A. Grigoriev)
2. Cube (M. Burton)

Renju

1. Renju Fan (N. Alexandrov, M. Trukhan and A. Grigoriev)
2. XOXOXO (L. Ilkov)

Scrabble

1. TSP (J. Homan)
2. Crab (G. Jacobson)
3. Tyler (A. Frank)

3rd Computer Olympiad

Medals awarded

Awari

1. Lithidion (V. Allis and M. van der Meulen)
2. MyProgram (E. van Riet Paap)

Bridge

1. Bridge Baron (T. Throop and T. Guilfoyle)
2. Pupil
3. Bridge King (J. Leber and G. Scholz)

Chess

1. The ChessMachine WK-version (E. Schroeder)
2. The ChessMachine King (J. de Koning)
3. Chessplayer 2175 (C. Whittington)

Chinese Chess

1. Abyss (C. Ye) 1. Surprise (R. Wu)

Both programs were awarded the gold medal

Draughts

1. Truus (S. Keetman)
2. Dam 1.3 (H. Jetten)
3. McDammen (R.P.G. van Bemmelen)

Go 19×19

1. Goliath (M. Boon)
2. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen)
3. Explorer 90 (M. Müller)

Go 9×9

1. Explorer 90 (M. Müller) 1. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) 3. Goliath (M. Boon)

Explorer 90 and Go Intellect were awarded the gold medal.

Go-Moku

1. Vertex (A. Shaposhnikov and A. Nosovsky)
2. Neuro-GM
3. Stone System (N. Alexandrov, M. Trukhan and A. Grigoriev)

Nine Men's Morris

1. Bushy 4.0 (R. Gasser)
2. IIF Moris (M. Leineweber)

Othello

1. Prothello (L. Jansen)
2. Mast 91 (R. Kroonenberg)
3. Rev91 (J. Buijs)

Qubic

1. QBig (V. Allis and P. Schoo)
2. 3D3T (A. Grigoriev)

Renju

1. Vertex (A. Shaposhnikov and A. Nosovsky)
2. Neuro-RN
3. Stone System (N. Alexandrov, M. Trukhan and A. Grigoriev)

Scrabble

1. TSP (J. Homan)
2. Tyler (A. Frank)

4th Computer Olympiad

The AST 4th Computer Olympiad took place in London, UK from 5 August 1992 to 11 August 1992.

Medals Awarded

Awari

1. Lithidion (M. van der Meulen) (NL)
2. Marvin (T.Lincke) (CH)
3. Juju (UK)

Backgammon

1. Bax (K.-U. Koschnik) (DE)
2. Maestro 1.0 (J. Boyan) (US)
3. Video Gammon (R. Hoogerhyde) (US)

Bridge

1. Bridge King (J. Leber and G. Scholz) (DE)
2. Bridge Baron (T. Throop and T. Guilfoyle) (UK)
3. Alpha Bridge (A. Lopatin) (RU)

Chess

1. HIARCS 6.72 (M. Uniacke) (UK) 1. The King (J. de Koning) (NL) 1. Genesis (E. Riet Paap) (NL)

The three programs were awarded the gold medal

Chinese Chess

1. Surprise (R. Wu) (CH)
2. Elephant (S.-H. Hsu) (TW)

Draughts

1. Tn 83 (A.R.D. Van Bergen) (NL)
2. Dynamo (A. Millet) (UK)

Gin rummy

1. Rummymate (RU)
2. Ginny (RU)

Go 19×19

1. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
2. Go 4.3 (M. Reiss) (UK)
3. Archmage (S.-C. Hsu and J.-C. Yan) (TW) and 3. Neuron (RU)

Both Archmage and Neuron were awarded the bronze medal

Go 9×9

1. Go 4.3 (M. Reiss) (UK)
2. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
3. Dragon (D.-Y. Lin) (TW)

Go-Moku

1. Victoria (V. Allis & L. Schoenmaker) (NL)
2. Polygon (J. Uiterwijk) (NL) and 2. Neuron (RU)

Both Polygon and Neuron were awarded the silver medal

Othello

1. Othel du Nord (J.-C. Delbarre) (FR)
2. Aida (J. Gnodde) (NL)
3. JacP'Oth (P. Gailhac) (FR)

Renju

1. Neuron (RU)
2. Zero Club (LVA)
3. Xokk (FIN)

Scrabble

1. Quetzal (T. Guilfoyle & R. Hooker) (UK)
2. Tyler (A. Frank) (US)
3. Trouble (NL)

5th Computer Olympiad

2000, London, United Kingdom

The 5th Computer Olympiad took place at Alexandra Palace, the West Hall in London, UK from 21 August 2000 to 25 August 2000. After an eight-year hiatus, it was revived by bringing it into the Mind Sports Olympiad. The computer programs competed against each other at a variety of games, including Amazons, Awari, Chess, Go, Hex, LOA, and Shogi.

The chess competition of the Computer Olympiad was a special event, since it was adopted by the ICCA as the 17th World Microcomputer Chess Championship (WMCC 2000).

Medals Awarded

Amazons (6 participants)

1. 8QP (J. de Koning) (NL)
2. Yamazon (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
3. Anky (P. Hensgens) (NL)

Awari (2 participants)

1. Marvin (T. Lincke) (CH)
2. Softwari (R. van der Goot) (CAN)

Chess (14 participants)

1. Shredder (S. Meyer-Kahlen) (GER)
2. Fritz (F. Morsch) (NL)
3. Rebel (E. Schroeder) (NL) and Chess Tiger (C. Theron) (FR)

Go 19×19 (6 participants)

1. GoeMate (Z. Chen) (China)
2. Go4++ (M. Reiss) (UK)
3. Aya (H. Yamashita) (JAP)

Hex (3 participants)

1. Hexy (V. Anshelevich) (USA)
2. Queenbee (J. v. Ryswyck) (CAN)
3. Killerbee (E. Brasa) (IT)

Lines of Action (3 participants)

1. YL (Y. Björnsson) (CAN)
2. Mona (D. Billings) (CAN)
3. MIA (M. Winands) (NL)

Shogi (3 participants)

1. YSS (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
2. Shotest 4.1 (J. Rollason) (UK)
3. Tacos (H. Tsuyoshi) (JAP)

6th Computer Olympiad

2001, Maastricht, Netherlands

The CMG 6th Computer Olympiad took place at Ad Fundum of the Universiteit Maastricht in Maastricht, Netherlands from 18 August 2001 to 23 August 2001. As with each year's Computer Olympiad, computer programs competed against each other at a variety of games, including Amazons, chess, Chinese Chess, Gipf, LOA, and Shogi.

The chess competition of the Computer Olympiad was a special event, since it was adopted by the ICCA as the 18th World Microcomputer Chess Championship (WMCC 2001).

Medals Awarded

Amazons (4 participants)

1. 8QP (J. de Koning) (NL)
2. Aska (Iida lab) (JAP)
3. Invader (Avetisyan) (USA)

Chess (18 participants)

1. Junior (A. Ban) (Israel)
2. Quest (F. Morsch) (NL)
3. Shredder (S. Meyer-Kahlen) (GER)

Chinese Chess (3 participants)

1. ELP (J-C. Chen) (Taiwan)
2. SG8.2 (Cheng) (Taiwan)
3. Abyss'99 (T. Marsland) (CAN)

Gipf (2 participants)

1. GF1 (K. van den Branden) (BE)
2. Gipfted (D. Wentink) (NL)

Lines of Action (3 participants)

1. YL (Y. Björnsson) (CAN)
2. MIA II (M. Winands) (NL)
3. Apprentice (D. Beal) (UK)

Shogi (3 participants)

1. Shotest 5.6 (J. Rollason) (UK)
2. Spear (R. Grimbergen) (NL/JAP)
3. Tacos (H. Iida) (JAP)

7th Computer Olympiad

The 7th Computer Olympiad was held in Maastricht, Netherlands in 2002, from July 5 until July 11. There were 68 participants from over 13 countries.

The chess event played here was adopted by the ICCA as the 10th World Computer Chess Championship.

Medals Awarded

Amazons (6 participants)

1. Amazong (J. Lieberum) (GER)
2. 8QP (J. de Koning) (NL)
3. Invader (Avetisyan) (USA)

Backgammon (2 participants)

1. BGBlitz (F. Berger) (GER)
2. Gnubg (A. Müller) (GER)

Bridge (2 participants)

1. Wbridge5 (Costel) (FRA)
2. Jack (H. Kuijff) (NL)

Chess (18 participants)

1. Junior (A. Ban) (Israel)
2. Shredder (S. Meyer-Kahlen) (GER)
3. Brutus (A. Kure) (GER)

Chinese Chess (4 participants)

1. ELP (J-C. Chen) (Taiwan)
2. Shiga 8.1 (S-J. Yen) (Taiwan)
3. Xie Xie (Pascal Tang, Eugenio Castillo) (FRA)

Dots and Boxes (2 participants)

1. Control Freak (W. Fraser) (USA)
2. Seicho (H. Iida) (JAP)

Draughts (9 participants)

1. Dam 2.2 (H. Jetten) (NL)
2. DIOS (C. Jurriens) (NL)
3. Damage (B. Tuyt) (NL)

Go 19×19 (5 participants)

1. Go4++ (M. Reiss) (UK)
2. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
3. GNU Go (I. Wallin) (SWE)

Go 9×9 (4 participants)

1. Go4++ (M. Reiss) (UK)
2. GNU Go (I. Wallin) (SWE)
3. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)

Lines of Action (4 participants)

1. YL (Y. Björnsson) (CAN)
2. MIA III (M. Winands) (NL)
3. (T-T) (H. Iida) (JAP)

Shogi (5 participants)

1. ISshogi (Y. Tanase) (CAN)
2. Kanazawa under Reiki (S. Todoroki) (JAP)
3. Shotest 5.6 (J. Rollason) (UK)

8th Computer Olympiad

2003, Graz, Austria

The 8th Computer Olympiad was held November 23–27 November 2003, in Graz, Austria.

The Computer Olympiad was held in conjunction with the International Computer Games Association 11th World Computer Chess Championship 2003 and the 10th Advances in Computer Games Conference. Because of this, no medals were awarded for the two chess events.

Medals Awarded

Abalone (2 participants)

1. AbaPro (T. Werner) (AUT)
2. Nacre (P. Sommerlund) (DEN)

Amazons (5 participants)

1. Amazong (J. Lieberum) (GER)
2. Invader (Avetisyan) (USA)
3. 8QP (J. de Koning) (NL)

Backgammon (2 participants)

1. BGBlitz (F. Berger) (GER)
2. Gnubg (A. Müller) (GER)

Chinese Chess (5 participants)

1. ZMBL (Z. Tu) (China)
2. Xie Xie (Pascal Tang, Eugenio Castillo) (FRA)
3. ELP (J-C. Chen) (Taiwan)

Dots and Boxes (3 participants)

1. Control Freak (W. Fraser) (USA)
2. Deep Beige (D. Bochenski) (UK)
3. Damepo (H. Iida) (JAP)

Draughts (4 participants)

1. Sjende Blyn (J. Wiersma) (NL)
2. Dam 2.2 (H. Jetten) (NL)
3. TD King (T. Tillemans) (CH)

Go 19×19 (11 participants)

1. GNU Go (I. Wallin) (SWE)
2. GoAhead (P. Woitke) (GER)
3. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)

Go 9×9 (10 participants)

1. Aya (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
2. NeuroGo (M. Enzenberger) (CAN)
3. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)

Hex (2 participants)

1. Six (G. Melis) (HUN)
2. Mongoose (R. Hayward) (CAN)

Lines of Action (3 participants)

1. MIA IV (M. Winands) (NL)
2. BING (B. Helmstetter) (FRA)
3. (T-T) (J. Nagashima) (JAP)

Poker (2 participants)

1. Vexbot (University of Alberta GAMES group) (CAN)
2. Sparbot (University of Alberta GAMES group) (CAN)

Shogi (3 participants)

1. YSS (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
2. ISshogi (Y. Tanase) (JAP)
3. Tacos (H. Iida) (JAP)

9th Computer Olympiad

2004, Ramat Gan, Israel

The 9th Computer Olympiad took place in Ramat-Gan, Israel from 3 July 2004 to 12 July 2004. As with each year's Computer Olympiad, computer programs competed against each other at a variety of games, including Amazons, Chinese Chess, Go, Lines of Action, Hex and Octi.

The event was held in conjunction with the 12th World Computer Chess Championship and Computers and Games 2004 Conference. Because of this, no medals were awarded for the two chess events.

Dr. Jonathan Schaeffer and Dr. J.W.H.M. Uiterwijk were the Tournament Directors.

Medals Awarded

Amazons (2 participants)

1. 8QP (J. de Koning) (NL)
2. TAS (Y. Higashiuchi) (JAP)

Chinese Chess (2 participants)

1. Contemplation (K-C Wu) (Taiwan)
2. ELP (J-C. Chen) (Taiwan)

Go 19×19 (5 participants)

1. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
2. The Many Faces of Go (D. Fotland) (USA)
3. Indigo (B. Bouzy) (FRA)

Go 9×9 (9 participants)

1. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
2. GnuGo (The Free Software Foundation) (The World)
3. Magog (E. van der Werf) (NL)

Hex (2 participants)

1. Six (G. Melis) (HUN)
2. Mongoose (R. Hayward) (CAN)

Lines of Action (4 participants)

1. MIA 4++ (M. Winands) (NL)
2. BING (B. Helmstetter) (FRA)
3. YL (Y. Björnsson) (Iceland)

Octi 6×7 (2 participants)

1. Testme2 (J. Bacher) (CAN)
2. Casbah (C. Sutton) (USA)

10th Computer Olympiad

2005, Taipei, Taiwan

The 10th Computer Olympiad took place in Taipei, Taiwan from 3 September 2005 to 6 September 2005. As with each year's Computer Olympiad, computer programs competed against each other at a variety of games, including Amazons, Chinese Chess, Clobber, Dots and Boxes, Computational Pool (billiards), Go, and Shogi.

The 11th Advances in Computer Games was also held at the same location and time as the Olympiad.

The organizing committee for the 10th edition was: H.H.L.M. Donkers, M. Greenspan, J.W. Hellemons (chair), T-s Hsu, H.J. van den Herik, and M. Tiessen.

Medals Awarded

Amazons (3 participants)

1. 8QP (J. de Koning) (NL)
2. Invader (Avetisyan) (USA)
3. TAS (Y. Higashiuchi) (JAP)

Chinese Chess (14 participants)

1. XQMASTER (Z. Mingyang) (China)
2. SHIGA (S.-J. Yen) (Taiwan)
3. NEUCHESS (W. Jiao) (China)

Clobber (2 participants)

1. MILA (M. Winands) (NL)
2. ClobberA (J. Willemson) (Estonia)

Dots and Boxes (3 participants)

1. Deep Beige (D. Bochenski) (UK)
2. Beige Watch (R. Weston) (UK)
3. ALSOB (P. Bailey) (UK)

Go 19×19 (7 participants)

1. Hand Talk (C. Zhixing) (China)
2. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
3. Aya (H. Yamashita) (JAP)

Go 9×9 (9 participants)

1. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
2. Aya (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
3. Indigo (B. Bouzy) (FRA)

Pool (4 participants)

1. UofA (M. Smith) (CAN)
2. PoolMaster (J.-F. Landry) (CAN)
3. Elix (M. Godard) (CAN)

Shogi (4 participants)

1. Tacos (H. Iida) (JAP)
2. YSS (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
3. Spear (R. Grimbergen) (JAP)

Trivia

Hand Talk, which won the Gold medal in Computer Go, was original written in assembly language by a retired chemistry professor of Sun Yat-sen University, China.

11th Computer Olympiad

2006, Turin, Italy

The 11th Computer Olympiad was held in Turin, Italy between May 25 and 4 June 2006 in conjunction with the 14th World Computer Chess Championship and the 5th Computer and Games conference (CG 2006). These events were co-hosted with the human FIDE 37th Chess Olympiad.

Medals Awarded

Backgammon (2 participants)

1. GNU Backgammon (Müller)
2. BGBlitz (Berger)

Chinese Chess (5 participants)

1. NeuChess (W. Jiao) (China)
2. Shiga (S.-J. Yen) (Taiwan)
3. Deep Elephant (Wu) (China)

Clobber (3 participants)

1. Pan (J. De Koning) (NL)
2. Mila (M. Winands) (NL)
3. ClobberB (J. Willemson) (Estonia)

Connect6 (3 participants)

1. NCTU6 (Wu and Chang)
2. X6 (Liou and Yen)
3. EVG (Huang and Hsu)

International draughts (4 participants)

1. TDKing (Tillemans) (NL)
2. SJENDE BLYN (Wiersma) (NL)
3. Dam 2.2 (Jetten) (NL)

Go 19×19 (6 participants)

1. GNU Go (Free Software Foundation)
2. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)
3. Indigo (B. Bouzy) (FRA)

Go 9×9 (11 participants)

1. Crazy Stone (R. Coulom) (FRA)
2. Aya (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
3. Go Intellect (K-H. Chen) (USA)

Hex (3 participants)

1. Six (Melis)
2. Wolve (Hayward)
3. Hex Krieger (Rasmussen)

Kriegspiel (2 participants)

1. Darkboard (Favini and Ciancarini)
2. Kbott (Parker)

Lines of Action (2 participants)

1. MIA (Winands)
2. YL (Björnsson)

Pool (5 participants)

1. PickPocket (Mike Smith) (CAN)
2. SkyNet (Will Leckie) (CAN)
3. Elix (Marc Godard) (CAN)

Shogi (3 participants)

1. YSS (H. Yamashita) (JAP)
2. Bonanza (Hoki) (JAP)
3. Tacos (H. Iida) (JAP)

12th Computer Olympiad

2007, Amsterdam, Netherlands

The 12th Computer Olympiad was held in Amsterdam, Netherlands in conjunction with the 15th World Computer Chess Championship and Computer Games Workshop 2007 (CGW2007).

IBM, SARA Computing and Networking Services and NCF (Foundation of National Computing Facilities) are enabling the organization of the Computer Games Workshop 2007 (CGW2007) (15–17 June 2007), the 15th World Computer-Chess Championship (WCCC) (11–18 June) and the 12th Computer Olympiad (CO) (11–18 June) was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Location: CGW2007 (The Turing hall - Z011), WCCC (Eulerzaal – Z009) and Computer Olympiad (Newtonzaal – Z010), Science Park Amsterdam, Kruislaan 413, 1098 SJ Amsterdam.

Medals Awarded

Amazons (2 participants)

1. 8 Queens Problem (Johann de Koning) (NL)
2. Campya (Julien Kloetzer) (FRA)

Backgammon (3 participants)

1. Bgblitz (Frank Berger) (DEU)
2. GNU Backgammon
3. MCgammon (Guillaume Chaslot, François van Lieshout) (BEL)

Chess ( participants)

1. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich) (US)
2. Zappa (Anthony Cozie, Erdogan Günes) (Turkey)
3. Loop (Fritz Reul) (DE)
4. GridChess (Kai Himstedt, Ulf Lorenz, ...) (DE) and Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Sandro Necchi) (DE)

Rybka was retroactively disqualified from ICCC events due to findings of plagiarism. Therefore, Zappa and Loop were moved up, and GridChess and Shredder jointly awarded third place.

Chinese Chess (5 participants)

1. NeuChess (Jiao Wang) (CHN)
2. Shiga (Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen) (TWN)
3. XieXie (Pascal Tang, Eugenio Castillo, Jih Tung Pai) (FRA)

Connect6 (4 participants)

1. X6 (John Moon-Liou, Shi-Jim Yen) (TWN)
2. MeinStein (Theo van der Storm) (NL)
3. Kavalan (Shi-Jim Yen) (TWN)

International draughts (7 participants)

1. Dam 2.2 (Harm Jetten) (NL)
2. TDKing (Ton Tillemans) (CHE)
3. Sjende Blyn (Jelle Wiersma) (NL)

Go 19×19 (8 participants)

1. MoGo (Sylvain Gelly, Yizao Wang) (FRA)
2. Crazy Stone (Rémi Coulom) (FRA)
3. GNU Go

Go 9×9 (10 participants)

1. Steenvreter (Erik van der Werf) (NL)
2. MoGo (Sylvain Gelly) (FRA)
3. Crazy Stone (Rémi Coulom) (FRA)

Shogi (3 participants)

1. Tacos (Jun Nagashima, Hiroyuki Iida, Hashimoto Tsuyoshi) (JPN)
2. Reiki (Satoshi Todoroki) (JPN)
3. HIT+SS (Shohei Seike, Takeshi Ito, Ryosuke Ohguchi) (JPN)

Phantom Go (2 participants)

1. GoLois (Tristan Cazenave) (FRA)
2. InTheDark (Joris Bosboom) (NL)

Surakarta (2 participants)

1. SIA (Mark Winands) (NL)
2. Incognito (Irmin Auwerda) (NL)

13th Computer Olympiad

2008, Beijing, China.

The 13th International Computer Games Championship, 16th World Computer Chess Championship and a scientific conference on computer games was held in Beijing, China from 28 September–5 October 2008. The location was Beijing Golden Century Golf Club, Qinglonghu Township, Fangshan District, Beijing.

Results

Amazons (4 participants)

1. Invader (Henry Avetisyan, Richard Lorentz) (USA)
2. 8 Queens Problem (Johan de Koning) (NLD)
3. Campya (Julien Kloetzer) (FRA)

Chess (10 participants)

1. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich, Jeroen Nooman) (USA)
2. HIARCS (Mark Uniacke, Eric Hallsworth) (GBR)
3. Junior (Amir Ban, Shay Bushinsky) (ISR)
4. Cluster Toga (Thomas Gaksch, Fabien Letouzy...) (DE)

Rybka was retroactively disqualified from all WCCC events in 2011 due to findings of plagiarism. Thus, Cluster Toga was awarded a bronze medal, and the other two winners were upgraded.

Speed Chess (10 participants)

1. Sjeng (Gian-Carlo Pascutto) (BEL)
2. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich, Jeroen Nooman) (USA)
3. HIARCS (Mark Uniacke, Eric Hallsworth) (GBR)
4. Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Sandro Necchi) (DE)

Rybka was retroactively disqualified from all WCCC events in 2011 due to findings of plagiarism.

Chinese Chess (18 participants)

1. Intella (Chaoying Chen, Yutao Wei) (CHN)
2. Cyclone (Min Zhang) (CHN)
3. EThinker (Zheng Xu) (CHN)

Connect6 (10 participants)

1. NCTU6-Lite (Ping-Hung Lin, Hong-Xuan Lin, Yi-Chih Chan, Ching-Ping Chen, I-Chen Wu) (TWN)
2. Bitstronger (Li Liang, Cui Hao, Wang Ruijian, Lin Siran) (CHN)
3. NEUConn6 (Chang-Ming Xu) (CHN)

Dots and Boxes (3 participants)

1. The Shark (William Fraser) (USA)
2. Qiyi (Lian Lian) (CHN)
3. Matadots (Phillip Rogers, Richard Lorentz) (USA)

International draughts (2 participants)

1. TDKing (Ton Tillemans) (CHE)
2. Rocky (Mark Winands) (NLD)

Go (13 participants)

1. The Many Faces of Go (David Fotland) (USA)
2. MoGo (Sylvain Gelly, Yizao Wang) (FRA)
3. Leela (Gian-Carlo Pascutto) (BEL)

Go (9x9) (18 participants)

1. The Many Faces of Go (David Fotland) (USA)
2. Leela (Gian-Carlo Pascutto) (BEL)
3. MoGo (Oliver Teytaud, Sylvain Gelly, Yizao Wang) (FRA)

Hex (4 participants)

1. Wolve (Broderick Arneson) (CAN)
2. MoHex (Philip Henderson) (CAN)
3. Six (Gábor Melis) (HUN)

Computational Pool (4 participants)

1. CueCard (David Cohen, Chris Archibald, Alon Altman) (USA)
2. PickPocket (Mike Smith) (CAN)
3. Elix (Marc Godard) (CAN)

Shogi (3 participants)

1. Tacos (Hashimoto Tsuyoshi, Masafumi Taketoshi, Jun Nagashima, Junichi Hashimoto, Tokishi Matsui, Hiroyuki Iida) (JPN)
2. BitStronger (Li Xiao, Ma Junlong, Xu Changda, Tong Songling) (CHN)
3. HIT+SS (Shohei Seike, Takeshi Ito, Ryosuke Ohguchi) (JPN)

Phantom Go (3 participants)

1. GoLois (Tristan Cazenave, Nicolas Jouandeau) (FRA)
2. Chinese Deep (Cui Hao) (CHN)
3. BitStronger (Li Liang, Cui Hao, Wang Ruijian, Lin Siran) (CHN)

Surakarta (2 participants)

1. SIA (Mark Winands) (NLD)
2. BitStronger (Qiao Zhi, Sun Zhen, Tao Hongru) (CHN)

14th Computer Olympiad

2009, Pamplona, Spain

The 14th Computer Olympiad, 17th World Computer Chess Championship and a scientific conference on computer games was held in Pamplona, Spain, 10–18 May 2009.

World Computer Chess Champion

Chess (10 participants)

1. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich) (USA)
2. Deep Sjeng (Gian-Carlo Pascutto, Kurt Van den Branden, François van Lieshout) (BE), Junior (Amir Ban, Shay Bushinski, Alon Greenfield) (IS), Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Sandro Necchi) (DE)

Rybka was retroactively disqualified from ICCC events due to findings of plagiarism. Therefore, the Championship title was awarded jointly to Deep Sjeng, Shredder, and Junior.

Chess (Blitz) (9 participants)

1. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich) (USA)
2. Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Sandro Necchi) (DE)

Likewise, the Blitz Championship title was awarded to Shredder.

Medals Awarded (Computer Olympiad)

Amazons (4 participants)

1. Invader (Richard Lorentz, Dan Dennison, Archie Huerto, Monica Reiss, Akop Karapetyan, Henry Avetisyan) (USA)
2. 8 Queens Problem (Johan de Koning) (NLD)
3. Campya (Julien Kloetzer) (FRA)

Chess (no hardware limits) (6 participants)

1. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich) (USA)
2. Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen) (DEU)
3. Deep Sjeng (Gian-Carlo Pascutto) (BEL)
4. Pandix (Gyula Horváth) (HU)

Chinese Chess (5 participants)

1. TMSK (Bing-Jie Shen, Ruei-Ping Li, Tsan-Sheng Hsu) (TWN)
2. HaQiKi D (Harm Geert Muller) (NLD)
3. Chimo (Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu) (TWN)

Connect6 (6 participants)

1. Bit (Li Liang, Cui Hao, Wang Ruijian, Lin Siran) (CHN)
2. MeinStein (Theo van der Storm) (NLD)
3. Bit2 (Zhifeng Tang, Zhenghan Li, Haiying Liu, Jie BingChang-Ming Xu) (CHN)

Draughts (3 participants)

1. TDKing (Ton Tillemans) (CHE)
2. Tornado (Frank Mesander) (NLD)
3. Rocky (Mark Winands) (NLD)

Go (6 participants)

1. Zen (Yamato) (JPN)
2. Fuego (Markus Enzenberger, Martin Müller, Broderick Arneson, Richard Segal, Gerald Tesauro) (CAN)
3. MoGo (Sylvain Gelly, Yizao Wang, Olivier Teytaud, Jean-Baptiste Hoock, Guillaume Chaslot, Arpad Rimmel) (FRA)

Go (9x9) (9 participants)

1. Fuego (Markus Enzenberger, Martin Müller, Broderick Arneson, Richard Segal, Gerald Tesauro) (CAN)
2. MoGo (Sylvain Gelly, Yizao Wang, Olivier Teytaud, Jean-Baptiste Hoock, Guillaume Chaslot, Arpad Rimmel) (FRA)
3. Yogo (Ping Yu, Fan Xie) (CHN)

Hex (4 participants)

1. MoHex (Philip Henderson, Broderick Arneson, Ryan Hayward) (CAN)
2. Wolve (Ryan Hayward, Broderick Arneson, Philip Henderson, Michael Johanson, Morgan Kan, Martin Müller, Geoff Ryan) (CAN)
3. Six (Gábor Melis) (HUN)

Lines of Action (2 participants)

1. Mia 4.51 (Mark Winands) (NLD)
2. Bit (Peixing Zhan) (CHN)

Shogi (2 participants)

1. Tacos (Hashimoto Tsuyoshi, Masafumi Taketoshi, Jun Nagashima, Junichi Hashimoto, Tokishi Matsui, Hiroyuki Iida) (JPN)
2. BitStronger (Changda Xu, Li Xiao, Ma Junlong, Tong SonglingPeixing Zhan) (CHN)

Havannah (2 participants)

1. Wanderer (Richard Lorentz, Roberto Nahue) (USA)
2. Shakti (Fabien Teytaud, Olivier Teytaud) (FRA)

KriegSpiel (3 participants)

1. Darkboard (Giampiero Favini, Paolo Ciancarini) (ITA)
2. KriegExpert (Levi Self) (NAM)
3. Bit (CHN)

Phantom Go (2 participants)

1. GoLois (Tristan Cazenave, Nicolas Jouandeau) (FRA)
2. Bit (Li Liang, Cui Hao, Wang Ruijian, Lin Siran) (CHN)

15th Computer Olympiad

2010, Kanazawa, Japan

The 15th Computer Olympiad, 18th World Computer Chess Championship and a scientific conference on computer games was held in Kanazawa, Japan, September 24 to 2 October 2010.

World Computer Chess Champion

Chess (10 participants)

1. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich) (US)
2. Rondo (Anthony Cozzie, Zach Wegner) (US), Thinker (Kerwin Medina) (US)
3. Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Sandro Necchi) (DE)

Rybka was retroactively disqualified from ICCC events due to findings of plagiarism. Therefore, the Championship title was awarded jointly to Rondo and Thinker. Shredder was given third place.

Chess (Software) (9 participants)

1. Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Sandro Necchi) (DE)
2. Rondo (Anthony Cozzie, Zach Wegner) (US)
3. Thinker (Kerwin Medina) (US)

Chess (Blitz)

1. Rybka (Vasik Rajlich) (US)
2. Jonny (Johannes Zwanzger, Mark Roberts) (DE), Shredder (Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Sandro Necchi) (DE)

Likewise, Jonny and Shredder were awarded the blitz championship after Rybka's disqualification.

Medals Awarded (Computer Olympiad)

Amazons (7 participants) (The winners are not currently known)

Chinese Chess (5 participants)

1. Shiga (Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen) (TWN)
2. TMSK (Bing-Jie Shen, Ruei-Ping Li, Tsan-Sheng Hsu) (TWN)
3. Chimo (Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu) (TWN)

Chinese Dark Chess (6 participants) (The winners are not currently known)

Clobber (1 participant)

1. Pan.exe (Johan de Koning) (NL)

Pan.exe won by default, as there were no other entrants.

Connect6 (8 participants) (The winners are not currently known)

Dots and Boxes (2 participants)

1. The Shark (William Fraser) (US)
2. BITPanda (Xiong Yanchao, Zhang Yuting) (CH)

Draughts (2 participants)

1. TDKing (Ton Tillemans) (CHE)
2. Rocky (Mark Winands) (NLD)

Go (8 participants)

1. Erica (Shih-Chieh Huang, Rémi Coulom) (TW)
2. Zen (Yamato) (JPN)
3. Many Faces of Go (David Fotland) (US)

Go (13x13) (10 participants)

1. Many Faces of Go (David Fotland) (US)
2. Fuego (Markus Enzenberger, Martin Müller, Broderick Arneson, Richard Segal, Gerald Tesauro, Arpad Rimmel) (CAN)
3. MoGo (Sylvain Gelly, Yizao Wang, Olivier Teytaud, Jean-Baptiste Hoock, Guillaume Chaslot, Arpad Rimmel) (FRA)

Go (9x9) (14 participants)

1. MyGoFriend (Frank Karger) (UK)
2. Fuego (Markus Enzenberger, Martin Müller, Broderick Arneson, Richard Segal, Gerald Tesauro) (CAN)
3. Erica (Shih-Chieh Huang, Rémi Coulom) (TW)

Hex (5 participants) (winners unknown)

Shogi (9 participants)

1. Gekisashi (Takashi Maruyama, Takumi Ouchi, Ryuji Takase, Yoshimasa Tsuruoka, Daisaku Yokoyama) (JP)
2. Shueso (Akira Takeuchi) (JP)
3. GPS Shogi (Tetsuro Tanaka) (JP)

Minishogi (9 participants)

1. Clair 1/128 (Takuya Obata) (JP)
2. Shokidoki 0.8 (Harm Geert Muller) (NL)
3. 55TACOS (Tsuyoshi Hashimoto) (JP)

Havannah (5 participants) (winners unknown)

Light Up (2 participants)

1. Cpuzzler (Shi-Yuan Chiu) (TW)
2. PCCU (Shi-Jim Yen) (TW)

Cpuzzler was awarded the silver medal.

Nonograms (2 participants)

1. Cpuzzler (Shi-Yuan Chiu) (TW)
2. Enigma (Jr-Chang Chen, Chou Cheng-Wei) (TW)

Cpuzzler was awarded the bronze medal

Nurikabe (3 participants) Cpuzzler (Shi-Yuan Chiu) (TW), Enigma (Jr-Chang Chen, Chou Cheng-Wei) (TW), happyNuri (Derjhong Sun, I-Chen Wu) (TW)

(winners unknown)

Phantom Go (3 participants) GoLois (Tristan Cazenave, Nicolas Jouandeau) (FRA), Moccos (Takuma Toyoda) (JP), IcySoftwoodWine (Yuji Abe) (JP)

(scores unknown)

Quoridor (4 participants)

(winners unknown)

Surakarta (3 participants)

1. SIA (Mark Winands) (NL)
2. Qiyi (Jiajia Guo, Xiaomeng Yang, Liang Yunzhao, Jianbo Zhao) (CH)
3. BITPanda (Xiong Yanchao, Zhang Yuting) (CH)

16th Computer Olympiad

2011, Tilburg, Netherlands

The 16th International Computer Games Championship, 19th World Computer Chess Championship and a scientific conference on computer games was held in Tilburg. The events took place from 18 November to 26 November 2011. The venue was the Tilburg University.

Planned Competitions

Amazons (4)

Backgammon (3)

Chess (World Computer Chess Championship) (9 Unrestricted, 5 Software, and Blitz divisions)

Clobber (2)

Chinese Chess (3) (4 Chinese Dark Chess)

Connect6 (6)

Dots and Boxes (2)

Draughts (6)

EinStein würfelt nicht! (6)

Go (8)

Go (9x9) (7)

Go (13x13) (6)

NoGo (4)

Phantom Go (2)

Havannah (3)

Hex (3)

Shogi (3)

Surakarta (2)

17th Computer Olympiad

2013, Yokohama, Japan

The 17th International Computer Games Championship, 20th World Computer Chess Championship and a scientific conference on computer games was held in Yokohama, Japan from 12 August to 18 August 2013. The venue was the Collaboration Complex at Keio University Hiyoshi Campus.

Competitions and Medals Awarded

• Amazons
• Chess (World Computer Chess Championship)
• Chinese Chess
• Chinese Dark Chess

1. DarkKnight
2. Yahari
3. Observer

• Chu Shogi

1. HaChu
2. Deep Nikita

• Clobber (10x10)

1. Pan
2. McClobber
3. Deep Nikita

• Connect 6
• Dots and Boxes

1. BITDB
2. Railgun

• EinStein würfelt nicht!

1. Prophet_WT
2. VS_WTN
3. Cloud

• Draughts
• Go (19x19, 13x13, and 9x9)
• Hex
• Mahjong

1. ThousandWind
2. Majo
3. Longcat
4. Grandslam

• Lines of Action

1. MC-LOA
2. Deep Nikita

• NoGo
• Nonograms
• Phantom Go
• Shogi
• Shogi (5x5)

1. Shokidoki
2. 1/128 Rigan
3. Mattari Yuuchan

• Surakarta

1. SIA
2. BITSKT
3. Deep Nikita

18th Computer Olympiad

2015, Leiden, Netherlands

The 18th International Computer Games Championship, a scientific conference on computer games was held in Leiden, Amsterdam from June 29 to 6 July 2015. Organised by the International Computer Games Association (ICGA), the Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) and the Leiden Centre of Data Science (LCDS). The venue was Leiden University.^[1]

Competitions and medals awarded

The following are the competitions in the 18th Computer Olympiad.^[2][3]

• 2048

1. 2048-khyeh
2. 2048-ghung
3. 20486

• Amazons
• Chess (World Computer Chess Championship)
• Chinese Chess

1. Shiga
2. Chimo
3. Shark

• Chinese Dark Chess
• Chu Shogi
• Clobber (10x10)

1. 8QP
2. Deep Nikita

• Connect 6
• Diplomacy

1. D-Brane (Dave de Jonghe)
2. DipBlue (Henrique Lopez Cardoso)
3. Super Bot (Martin Borgt)

• Dots and Boxes
• EinStein würfelt nicht!

1. Hanfried
2. Deep Nikita
3. Chinese Program

• Draughts^[4]

1. Scan (Fabien Letouzey)
2. Damage (Bert Tuyt)
3. JDraughts (Ron van Bemmelen)

• Go 19x19 ^[3]

1. Zen
2. Abakus
3. Nomitan

• Go 13x13 ^[3]

1. Zen
2. Nomitan
3. Abakus

• Go 9x9 ^[3]

1. Zen
2. Abakus
3. CGI

• Hex
• Mahjong

1. VeryLongCat
2. ThousandWind
3. Take

• Lines of Action

1. SIA 2. Deep Nikita

• NoGo
• Nonogram
• Othello

1. Limsup
2. Mothello
3. Maverick

• Phantom Go
• Shogi
• Shogi (5x5)
• Surakarta

19th Computer Olympiad

2016, Leiden, Netherlands

The 19th International Computer Games Championship, a scientific conference on computer games was held in Leiden, Amsterdam from June 27 to 3 July 2016. Organised by the International Computer Games Association (ICGA), the Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) and the Leiden Centre of Data Science (LCDS). The venue was Leiden University

20th Computer Olympiad

2017, Leiden, Netherlands

The 20th International Computer Games Championship, a scientific conference on computer games was held in Leiden, Amsterdam from July 1 to 7 July 2017. Organised by the International Computer Games Association (ICGA), the Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) and the Leiden Centre of Data Science (LCDS). The venue was Leiden University

Summary by game

Abalone

Main article: Abalone

Abalone board and marbles

Abalone is strategy game using a hexagonal patterned board with 14 marbles for each of two players. The objective is to push six of the opponent's marbles off the edge of the board.

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
							Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[5]
			Program	Authors
8	2003	2	1. Aba-Pro 2. Nacre	Tino Werner, Austria Peer Sommerlund, Denmark

Amazons

Main article: Game of the Amazons

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j
10											10
9											9
8											8
7											7
6											6
5											5
4											4
3											3
2											2
1											1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j

The starting position in Amazons

Amazons is played on a 10x10 chessboard by two players each with four amazons (queen chess pieces). Moves are made to block squares and the winner is the last player able to move his pieces to an unblocked square.

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
				Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y		Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[6]
			Program	Authors
5	2000	6	1. 8 Queens Problem 2. Yamazon 3. Anky 4. Antiope 5. Aska 6. Otrere	Johan de Koning, Netherlands Hiroshi Yamashita, Japan Patrick Hensgens, Netherlands Theo Tegos, Greece Yoichiro Kajihara, Japan Paul Utgoff, USA
6	2001	4	1. 8 Queens Problem 2. Aska 3. Invader 4. Anky	Johan de Koning, Netherlands Yoichiro Kajihara, Japan Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Patrick Hensgens, Netherlands
7	2002	6	1. Amazong 2. 8 Queens Problem 3. Invader 4. Tanazon 5. Aska 6. Antiope	Jens Lieberum, Germany Johan de Koning, Netherlands Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Yasushi Tanase, Japan Yoichiro Kajihara, Japan Theo Tegos, Greece
8	2003	5	1. Amazong 2. Invader 3. 8 Queens Problem 4. Aska 5. TAS	Jens Lieberum, Germany Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Johan de Koning, Netherlands Yoichiro Kajihara, Japan Yoshinori Higashiuchi, Reijer Grimbergen, Japan/Netherlands
9	2004	2	1. 8 Queens Problem 2. TAS	Johan de Koning, Netherlands Yoshinori Higashiuchi, Reijer Grimbergen, Japan/Netherlands
10	2005	3	1. 8 Queens Problem 2. Invader 3. TAS	Johan de Koning, Netherlands Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Yoshinori Higashiuchi, Reijer Grimbergen, Japan/Netherlands
12	2007	2	1. 8 Queens Problem 2. Campya	Johan de Koning, Netherlands Julien Kloetzer, France
13	2008	4	1. Invader 2. 8 Queens Problem 3. Campya 4. BitStronger	Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Johan de Koning, Netherlands Julien Kloetzer, France Qiao Zhi, Sun Zhen, Tao Hongru, China
14	2009	5	1. Invader 2. 8 Queens Problem 3. Campya 4. BitStronger 5. FindFire	Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Johan de Koning, Netherlands Julien Kloetzer, France Qiao Zhi, Sun Zhen, Tao Hongru, China Xiaowei Hu, Zhang Yuting, Wen Zhang, China
15	2010	7	1. Invader 2. 8 Queens Problem 3. Campya 4. FindFire 5. Arrow 2 6. Bit(Go) 7. Qiyi	Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Johan de Koning, Netherlands Julien Kloetzer, France Xiaowei Hu, Zhang Yuting, Wen Zhang, China Martin Müller et al., Canada[8] Peixing Zhan, China
16	2011	4	1. Invader 2. 8 Queens Problem 3. Arrow 2 4. Fortress	Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Johan de Koning, Netherlands Martin Müller et al., Canada[8] Andi Zhang, China
17	2013	6	1. Invader 2. 8 Queens Problem 3. Long Shot 4. Fortress 5. Arrow 2 6. Explorer	Richard Lorentz et al., USA[7] Johan de Koning, Netherlands Marcin Malec, USA Andi Zhang, China Martin Müller et al., Canada[8] Zhou Ke, China

Awari

Main article: Awari (also known as Oware)

Oware game from Cameroon

Awari is an abstract strategy game among the Mancala family of board games (pit and pebble games).

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Y	Y	Y	Y	Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[9]
			Program	Authors
1	1989	4	1. Marco 2. Wali 3. Conchos 4. Waro	Rémi Niérat, France Eric van der Schilden, Netherlands Steve Thomas, Great Britain
2	1990	2	1. Lithidion 2. Marco	Victor Allis, Maarten van der Meulen, Netherlands Rémi Niérat, France
3	1991	2	1. Lithidion 2. MyProgram	Victor Allis, Maarten van der Meulen, Netherlands Eric van Riet Paap, Netherlands
4	1992	3	1. Lithidion 2. Marvin 3. Juju	Victor Allis, Maarten van der Meulen, Netherlands Thomas Lincke, Switzerland
5	2000	2	1. Marvin 2. Softwari	Thomas Lincke, Switzerland Roel van der Goot, Netherlands

Backgammon

Main article: Backgammon

Backgammon board and checkers

Backgammon is a board game for two players where the checker-like playing pieces are moved according to the roll of dice; a player wins by removing all of his pieces from the board before his opponent.

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Y	Y		Y			Y	Y			Y	Y				Y		Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[10]
			Program	Authors
1	1989	6	1. Neurogammon 2. Video Gammon 3. Saitek Backgammon 4. Mephisto Backgammon 5. Backbrain 6. A.I. Backgammon	Gerald Tesauro, USA Randall Hoogerhyde, USA Ossi Weiner, Netherlands
2	1990	2	1. Video Gammon 2. Prospero	Randall Hoogerhyde, USA Raymond Mills, Great Britain
4	1992	3	1. Bax 2. Maestro 3. Video Gammon	Klaus-Uwe Koschnik, Germany Justin Boyan, USA Randall Hoogerhyde, USA
7	2002	2	1. BGBlitz[11] 2. GNU Backgammon[12]	Frank Berger, Germany Massimiliano Maini, Italy; Achim Müller, Germany
8	2003	2	1. BGBlitz 2. GNU Backgammon	Frank Berger, Germany Massimiliano Maini, Italy; Achim Müller, Germany
11	2006	2	1. GNU Backgammon 2. BGBlitz	Massimiliano Maini, Italy; Achim Müller, Germany Frank Berger, Germany
12	2007	3	1. BGBlitz 2. GNU Backgammon 3. MCgammon	Frank Berger, Germany Massimiliano Maini, Italy; Achim Müller, Germany Guillaume Chaslot, François van Lieshout, Belgium
16	2011	3	1. Palamedes[13] 2. GNU Backgammon 3. BGBlitz	Nikos Papahristou, Greece Massimiliano Maini, Italy; Achim Müller, Germany Frank Berger, Germany
18	2015	3	1. GNU Backgammon 2. BGBlitz 3. Palamedes	Massimiliano Maini, Italy; Achim Müller, Germany Frank Berger, Germany Nikos Papahristou, Greece

Bridge

Main article: Contract bridge

A bridge hand being played

Bridge is a trick-taking card game for four players.

Bridge participation in the Computer Olympiad has largely discontinued when in 1996 the American Contract Bridge League established a new official World Computer Bridge Championship, to be run annually at a major bridge tournament. Starting in 1999, that event is now co-sponsored by the World Bridge Federation.

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Y	Y	Y	Y			Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[14]
			Program	Authors
1	1989	4	1. Acol Master 2. Vtech 3. Oxford Bridge 4. Bridge Baron	Paul Jones, United Kingdom Tony Guilfoyle, USA Andrew Bracher, United Kingdom Tom Throop, Tony Guilfoyle, Great Britain
2	1990	2	1. Bridge Baron 2. Oxford Bridge	Tom Throop, Tony Guilfoyle, Great Britain Andrew Bracher, United Kingdom
3	1991	3	1. Bridge Baron 2. Pupil 3. Bridge King	Tom Throop, Tony Guilfoyle, Great Britain Joost Jacob, Netherlands Johannes Leber, Gero Scholz, Germany
4	1992	3	1. Bridge King 2. Bridge Baron 3. Alpha Bridge	Johannes Leber, Gero Scholz, Germany Tom Throop, Tony Guilfoyle, Great Britain Alexander Lopatin, Russia
7	2002	2	1. Wbridge5 2. Jack	Yves Costel, France Hans Kuijff, Netherlands

Chess

Main article: Chess

Chess board and pieces

Chess is a two-player board game played on a checkered game-board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Each player begins with 16 pieces of varying characteristics, the objective being to capture one's opponent's king piece.

Many computer-versus-computer events are held beyond those of the Computer Olympiad.^[15]

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Y	Y	Y	Y										Y				Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[16]
			Program	Authors
1	1989	9	1. Rebel 2. Mephisto 3. Fidelity X 4. Pandix 5. Chess Player 2150 6. Hiarcs 4.1 7. Échec 1.5 8. E6P 9. Woodpusher	Ed Schroder, Jan Louwman, Netherlands Richard Lang, United Kingdom Kathe Spracklen, Dan Spracklen, USA Gyula Horvath, Hungary Chris Whittington, United Kingdom Mark Uniacke, Harvey Williamson, Eric Hallsworth, United Kingdom; Sebastian Bohme, Germany Marc-François Baudot, Jean-Christophe Weill, France John Hamlen, United Kingdom
2	1990	11	1. Mephisto 2. Rebel 3. Zugzwang 4. Kaissa 5. Échec 6. Woodpusher 7. Brainstorm 8. Chess Player 2150 9. Hiarcs 10. Nightmare (D) 11. Chess Guru	Richard Lang, United Kingdom Ed Schroder, Jan Louwman, Netherlands Rainer Feldmann, Peter Mysliwietz, Heiner Matthias, Germany Mikhail Donskoy, Vladimir Aralzarov, Alexander Ushkov, USSR Marc-François Baudot, Jean-Christophe Weill, France John Hamlen, United Kingdom Gyula Horvath, Hungary Chris Whittington, United Kingdom Mark Uniacke, Harvey Williamson, Eric Hallsworth, United Kingdom; Sebastian Bohme, Germany Reinhold Gellner, Gaby von Rekowski, Germany Joël Rivat, France
3	1991	7	1. Chessmachine WK 2. Chessmachine King 3. Chess Player 2175 4. Nightmare NL 5. Nimzo 6. Dappet 7. Touch	Ed Schroder, Netherlands Johan de Koning, Netherlands Chris Whittington, United Kingdom Joost Buijs, Netherlands Chrilly Donninger, Austria Dap Hartmann, Peter Kouwenhoven, Netherlands Jos Uiterwijk, Netherlands
4	1992	7	1. Genesis 1. The King 1. Hiarcs 6.72 4. Woodpusher 5. Duck 6. Touch 7. Ananse	Eric van Riet Paap, Netherlands Johan de Koning, Netherlands Mark Uniacke, Harvey Williamson, Eric Hallsworth, United Kingdom; Sebastian Bohme, Germany John Hamlen, United Kingdom Dennis Breuker, Netherlands Jos Uiterwijk, Netherlands Walter Bannerman, Switzerland
14	2009	6	1. Rybka (Disqualified) 2. Shredder[17] 3. Deep Sjeng 4. Pandix 5. Joker 6. Equinox	Vasik Rajlich, USA Stefan Meyer-Kahlen, Germany; Sandro Necchi, Italy Gian-Carlo Pascutto, Belgium; Erdogan Günes, Turkey/Germany Gyula Horváth, Hungary Harm Geert Mueller, Netherlands Gian Carlo Delli Colli, Stefano Rocchi, Italy; Harry Schnapp, Germany
18	2015	8

Chinese Chess

Main article: Chinese Chess

Chinese chess board

Chinese chess, is a strategy board game for two players from the same family as western or international chess. Known primarily as Xiangqi internationally, the game is referred to as Chinese Chess in the Computer Olympiad competitions.

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Y	Y	Y	Y		Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Medalist Ranking[18]
			Program	Authors
1	1989	5	1. Acer Chinese Chess 2. CChess Expert Acme 3. Elephant 4. Xian 5. Ogre	Yu Shi-Shun, Taiwan Kuo-Ming Ts'ao, Taiwan Zhe-Yu Guo, Tzu-Tse Lin, Kuang-Che Wu, Wen-Jang Huang, Jen-Hsuan Li, Shih-Chieh Huang, Shun-Shii Lin, Francis Pai, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan USA United Kingdom
2	1990	3	1. Elephant 2. CChess Expert Acme 3. NKS	Zhe-Yu Guo, Tzu-Tse Lin, Kuang-Che Wu, Wen-Jang Huang, Jen-Hsuan Li, Shih-Chieh Huang, Shun-Shii Lin, Francis Pai, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Kuo-Ming Ts'ao, Taiwan Huang Shao Long, Su Zhi, China
3	1991	2	1. Surprise 2. Abyss	Ren Wu, China Tony Marsland, Chun Ye, Canada
4	1992	2	1. Surprise 2. Elephant	Ren Wu, China Zhe-Yu Guo, Tzu-Tse Lin, Kuang-Che Wu, Wen-Jang Huang, Jen-Hsuan Li, Shih-Chieh Huang, Shun-Shii Lin, Francis Pai, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan
6	2001	3	1. ELP 2. SG 8.2 1 3. Abyss '99	Wu-Yao Cheng, Jr-Chang Chen, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Tony Marsland, Chun Ye, Canada
7	2002	4	1. ELP 2. Shiga 8.1 3. XieXie 4. Abyss '99	Wu-Yao Cheng, Jr-Chang Chen, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Pascal Tang, France; Eugenio Castillo Jimenez, Spain; Jih Tung Pai Tony Marsland, Chun Ye, Canada
8	2003	5	1. ZMBL 2. XieXie 3. ELP 4. Lock 5. Contemplation	Zhi-Jian Tu, China Pascal Tang, France; Eugenio Castillo Jimenez, Spain; Jih Tung Pai Wu-Yao Cheng, Jr-Chang Chen, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Kuang-Che Wu, Jr-Chang Chen, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan
9	2004	2	1. Contemplation 2. ELP	Kuang-Che Wu, Jr-Chang Chen, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Wu-Yao Cheng, Jr-Chang Chen, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan
10	2005	14	1. XQMASTER 2. Shiga 3. NEUChess 4. TMSK 5. Contemplation 6. XieXie 7. ELP 8. Yuan-Chi 9. Yan-Chi Wu 10. Deep Elephant 11. Elephant Eye 12. Chimo 13. ShinGi 14. Jade	Ming-Yang Zhao, China Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Jiao Wang, China Bing-Jie Shen, Ruei-Ping Li, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Taiwan Kuang-Che Wu, Jr-Chang Chen, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Pascal Tang, France; Eugenio Castillo Jimenez, Spain; Jih Tung Pai Wu-Yao Cheng, Jr-Chang Chen, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Shih-Kuang Huang, Taiwan Yan-Chi Wu, Taiwan Zhe-Yu Guo, Tzu-Tse Lin, Kuang-Che Wu, Wen-Jang Huang, Jen-Hsuan Li, Shih-Chieh Huang, Shun-Shii Lin, Francis Pai, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Huang Chen, China Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Larry Tu, USA Ting-Wei Hou, Taiwan
11	2006	5	1. NEUChess 2. Shiga 3. Deep Elephant 4. XieXie 5. Contemplation	Jiao Wang, China Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Zhe-Yu Guo, Tzu-Tse Lin, Kuang-Che Wu, Wen-Jang Huang, Jen-Hsuan Li, Shih-Chieh Huang, Shun-Shii Lin, Francis Pai, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Pascal Tang, France;Eugenio Castillo Jimenez, Spain; Jih Tung Pai Kuang-Che Wu, Jr-Chang Chen, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan
12	2007	5	1. NEUChess 2. Shiga 3. XieXie 4. Deep Elephant 5. Chimo	Jiao Wang, China Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Pascal Tang, France;Eugenio Castillo Jimenez, Spain; Jih Tung Pai Zhe-Yu Guo, Tzu-Tse Lin, Kuang-Che Wu, Wen-Jang Huang, Jen-Hsuan Li, Shih-Chieh Huang, Shun-Shii Lin, Francis Pai, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan
13	2008	18	1. Intella 2. Cyclone 3. EThinker 4. Gaga chess 5. MonkeyKing 6. NEUChess 7. 3DChess 8. XQMASTER 9. TMSK 10. YSSY 11. Shiga 12. Binghewusi 13. UFX 14. OracleX 15. ABCCHESS 16. Multi-stars of SJTU 17. Chimo 18. QiJi	Chaoying Chen, Yutao Wei, China Min Zhang, China Zheng Xu, China Guolai Li, China Xinhe Xu, China Jiao Wang, China Liu Jin, China Ming-Yang Zhao, China Bing-Jie Shen, Ruei-Ping Li, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Taiwan Zhang Hao, China Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Fan DeJun, China Liu Kai, China Zhifu Zhang, Canada Liang Jian Hua, China Zhijun Li, Qi Zhengwei, China Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Duan Yong, Li Zhengqing, Liu Cuiwei, China
14	2009	5	1. TMSK 2. HaQiKi D 3. Chimo 4. Contemplation 5. ELP	Bing-Jie Shen, Ruei-Ping Li, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Taiwan Harm Geert Mueller, Netherlands Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Kuang-Che Wu, Jr-Chang Chen, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Wu-Yao Cheng, Jr-Chang Chen, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan
15	2010	5	1. Shiga 2. TMSK 3. Chimo 4. HaQiKi D 5. SunRise	Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Bing-Jie Shen, Ruei-Ping Li, Tsan-Sheng Hsu, Taiwan Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Harm Geert Mueller, Netherlands Hao Cui, Jiajia Guo, Xiaowei Hu, Zhao Jianbo, Xiaomeng Yang
16	2011	3	1. Shiga 2. Chimo 3. HaQiKi D	Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Harm Geert Mueller, Netherlands
17	2013	4	1. Chimo 2. HaQiKi D 3. Shimanese 4. Shiga	Wen-Jie Tseng, Wei-Lun Kao, Hung-Hsuan Lin, Chun-Bin Hsu, I-Chen Wu, Shun-Chin Hsu, Taiwan Harm Geert Mueller, Netherlands Tsuyoshi Hashimoto, Masahiko Yoshida, Japan Ming-Cheng Cheng, Shi-Jim Yen, Taiwan

Chinese Dark Chess

Chinese Dark Chess is known as Banqi in eastern cultures.

Chinese Dark Chess (Banqi)
board and pieces

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
														Y		Y	Y

Clobber

While standard Clobber is played
on a 5x6 board, computer Clobber is
usually played on a 10x10 board

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
									Y	Y				Y	Y	Y	Y

Connect Four

Connect Four -
travel version by Milton Bradley

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Y

Connect6

Connect6 board and pieces

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
										Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y

Dominoes

Domino pieces -
played and unplayed

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
Y

Gin Rummy

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
			Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[19]
			Program	Authors
4	1992	2	1. Rummymate 2, Ginrummy

Pool

Also known as computational pool.

Events Held by Olympiad and Year

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1989	1990	1991	1992	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2013	2015
									Y	Y		Y

Participants and Results

Olympiad	Year	Number of Participants	Ranking[23]
			Program	Authors
10	2005	4	1. UofA 2. PoolMaster 3. Elix 4. SkyNet
11	2006	5	1. PickPocket 2. SkyNet 3. Elix 4. PoolMaster 5. Snooze
13	2008	4	1. CueCard 2. PickPocket 3. Elix 4. SkyNet

See also

• Computer bridge
• Computer chess

References

External links

• Results of all events
• ACM News - Silicon Brains Compete at Games