Common root rot (barley)

Common root rot is a fungal disease of barley caused by Cochliobolus sativus, Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum.[1][2]

Symptoms

Initial symptoms appear as small brown spots on the crown roots, the lower sheath, and the subcrown internode. This spots will elongate and coalesce and can cause an extensive brown discoloration at the crown, and the entire length of the subcrown internode. Healthy root tissue is white to slightly cream-colored.

Disease cycle

In western Canada, infections occur mainly from soil-borne spores, whereas in eastern Canada, seed-borne inoculum is more important. The spores can survive for many years, and germinate in the presence of susceptible plants. At infected plants reach maturity, abundant sporulation occurs.

Management

Disease inoculum is reduced by long rotations with nonhost crops. Shallow seeding and optimum fertilization levels, especially of phosphate and potassium, reduce disease severity. Resistance cultivars are also available.

Research articles

  • Bailey, K.L.; R.I. Wolfe (1994). "Genetic relationships between reaction to common root rot and yield in the progeny of a barley cross" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 16: 163–169. doi:10.1080/07060669409500748.
  • Conner, R.L.; T.G. Atkinson (1989). "Influence of continuous cropping on severity of common root rot in wheat and barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 11: 127–132. doi:10.1080/07060668909501126.
  • Conner, R.L.; L.J. Duczek; G.C. Kozub; A.D. Kuzyk (1996). "Influence of crop rotation on common root rot of wheat and barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 18: 247–254. doi:10.1080/07060669609500620.
  • Duczek, L.J. (1984). "Comparison of the common root rot reaction of barley lines and cultivars in northwestern Alberta and central Saskatchewan" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 6: 81–89. doi:10.1080/07060668409501596.
  • Duczek, L.J. (1997). "Biological control of common root rot in barley by Idriella bolleyi" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 19: 402–405. doi:10.1080/07060669709501067.
  • Duczek, L.J.; P.R. Verma; D.T. Spurr (1985). "Effect of inoculum density of Cochliobolus sativus on common root rot of wheat and barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 7: 382–386. doi:10.1080/07060668509501666.
  • Duczek, L.J. (1990). "Sporulation of Cochliobolus sativus on crown and underground parts of spring cereals in relation to weather and host species, cultivar, and phenology" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 12: 273–278. doi:10.1080/07060669009500999.
  • Duczek, L.J.; L.L. Jones-Flory (1993). "Relationships between common root rot, tillering, and yield loss in spring wheat and barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 15: 153–158. doi:10.1080/07060669309500816.
  • Kidambi, R.D.; A.L. Lutz; N.K. Van Alfen (1985). "Disease progress and epidemiology of crown rot of spring barley in Utah" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 7: 233–237. doi:10.1080/07060668509501683.
  • Kidambi, R.D.; A.L. Lutz; N.K. Van Alfen (1985). "Influence of infection by Cochliobolus sativus on yield components of spring barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 7: 238–241. doi:10.1080/07060668509501684.
  • Kokko, E.G.; R.L. Conner; B. Lee; A.D. Kuzyk; G.C. Kozub (2000). "Quantification of common root rot symptoms in resistant and susceptible barley by image analysis" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 22: 38–43. doi:10.1080/07060660009501159.
  • Kutcher, H.R.; K.L. Bailey; B.G. Rossnagel; W.G. Legge (1994). "Heritability of common root rot and spot blotch resistance in barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 16: 287–294. doi:10.1080/07060669409500733.
  • Morall, R.A.A.; P.R. Verma (1981). "Disease progress curves, linear transformations, and common root rot of cereals" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 3: 182–183.
  • Pienning, L.J.; L.J. Duczek; T.G. Atkinson; J.G.N. Davidson (1983). "Control of common root rot and loose smut and the phtotoxicity of seed treatment fungicides on Gateway barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 5: 49–53. doi:10.1080/07060668309501656.
  • Pienning, L.J.; D.R. Walker; M. Dagenais (1983). "Effect of fertilizer on root rot of barley on stubble and fallow land" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 5: 136–139. doi:10.1080/07060668309501643.
  • Pua, Eng-Chong; R.-L. Pelletier; H.R. Klinck (1985). "Seedling blight, spot blotch, and common root rot in Quebec and their effect on grain yield in barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 7: 395–401. doi:10.1080/07060668509501668.
  • Stack, R.W. (1980). "Disease progression in common rot of spring wheat and barley" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 2: 187–193. doi:10.1080/07060668009501407.
  • Stack, R.W. (1981). "Disease progression in common root rot" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 3: 184. doi:10.1080/07060668109501943.
  • Verma, P.R. (1982). "Temporal progression of common root rot [Cochliobolus sativus] lesions on subcrown internodes of wheat and barley cultivars" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 4: 349–352. doi:10.1080/07060668209501275.
  • Verma, P.R.; S.H.F. Chinn; W.L. Crowle; D.T. Spurr; R.D. Tinline (1981). "Effect of imazalil seed treatment of common root rot and grain yields of cereal cultivars" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 3: 239–243. doi:10.1080/07060668109501357.
  • van Leur, J.A.G.; K.L. Bailey (2000). "The occurrence of barley root diseases in different agri-ecological zones of Syria" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 22: 61–69. doi:10.1080/07060660009501162.

References

  1. ↑ Wiese, M.V. (1987). Compendium of wheat diseases. American Phytopathological Society. pp. 124 pp.
  2. ↑ Martens, J.W.; W.L. Seaman; T.G. Atkinson (1984). Diseases of field crops in Canada. Canadian Phytopathological Society. pp. 160 pp.
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