Common buttonquail

Common buttonquail
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Charadriiformes
Family:Turnicidae
Genus:Turnix
Species: T. sylvaticus
Binomial name
Turnix sylvaticus
Synonyms

Turnix sylvatica

The common buttonquail, Kurrichane buttonquail, small buttonquail, or Andalusian hemipode (Turnix sylvaticus) is a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds which resemble, but are unrelated to, the true quails. This species is resident from southern Spain and Africa through India and tropical Asia to Indonesia.

This tiny buttonquail is notoriously difficult to see. It is a small, 15 cm (5.9 in) long drab running bird, which avoids flying. It inhabits warm grasslands or scrub jungle and feeds on insects and seeds. This species avoids thick forest and hilly country, and lives by preference in cornfields and stretches of grassy plain though it may also be found in any type of low herbage and open scrub jungle. It skulks and is flushed with difficulty, rising often close by one's feet. When flushed it flies low over the ground and soon settles again, after which it is very difficult to put up a second time.

Maharashtra, India

The common buttonquail resembles the common quail. It has streaked sandy brown upperparts, buff underparts with black flank markings, and a plain face. In flight, a whitish wingbar contrasts with the grey wing. Sexes are similar, but immature birds are more spotted below.

Painting by John Gould
South Africa, Kruger National Park
South Africa, Ithala Game Reserve

The female initiates courtship and builds the ground nest. The male incubates the normally four speckled greyish eggs, and tends the young, which can run as soon as they are hatched. The nesting season is June to September. The nest is a slight pad of grass placed in a natural hollow in the ground where it is usually tucked away amongst the stems of a tuft of grass. Very occasionally the grass is bent over it in a sort of canopy.[2]

The female calls with a deep hoom-hoom-hoom and the male replies kek-kek-kek.

Widespread throughout its large range, the small buttonquail is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] Its name is derived from Kaditshwene (rendered as 'Kurrichane') in Botswana.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2012). "Turnix sylvaticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  2. ↑ Whistler, Hugh (1949). Popular Handbook of Indian Birds. London: Gurney and Jackson.
  3. ↑ http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/19464/Finlayson__R__9781868881383__Section8.pdf?sequence=10&isAllowed=y

  • Barlow, Clive; Wacher, Tim; Disley, Tony. Birds of The Gambia. ISBN 1-873403-32-1.
  • BirdLife species factsheet for Turnix sylvaticus
  • Common buttonquail or Kurrichane buttonquail Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
  • "Turnix sylvaticus". Avibase. Edit this at Wikidata
  • "Common buttonquail media". Internet Bird Collection.
  • Small Button-Quail photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
  • Interactive range map of Turnix sylvaticus at IUCN Red List maps
  • Audio recordings of Common buttonquail on Xeno-canto.
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