Colonial goods

Advertisement in the old city centre of Wismar

A ship symbolising foreign trade on the outside of a Colonial Goods shop in Gotha (foundation date 1893)

A Colonial Goods shop photographed in Passau in 2005.
(The modern logo in the windows indicate that the shop is now in some way part of or affiliated with the Edeka group.)

Colonial goods (German: Kolonialwaren) was a term used in the first instance by retailers, wholesalers and economists/statisticians during the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. The term chiefly refers to foods and other consumer goods imported from European colonies, as opposed to commodities produced domestically or imported from nearby countries.

The term was widely used in Germany and in export oriented countries that traded with Germany, notably Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg, as well as in the Nordic countries. It referred to food and other widely traded commodity items with good storage properties that were consumed in Europe but for the most part produced in other continents, notably sugar, rice, coffee, tea, cocoa and tobacco. These goods tended to be sold in specialist “colonial goods” shops, which were regarded as a distinctive sector.^[1][2]

Origins

At a time when food and agriculture represented a relatively large proportion of overall economic activity, economic statistics often divided traded goods between “Colonial goods”, “Domestic (agricultural & extractive sectors) production” and “Manufactured (secondary sector) production”. The term ‘’’Colonial goods’’’ became less appropriate with the collapse of the western European empires that followed the Second World War. It nevertheless still appeared in books and articles in the 1970s, by now covering not merely agricultural output from (formerly) colonial countries but all long-life staple foods, regardless of provenance, as well as soap, washing powder and petrol/gasoline, and other newly important basic household supplies.^[3]

Decline and legacy

By the end of the twentieth century the term had largely fallen out of use, while the items in which Colonial Goods retailers had specialized had long since been included in the wider range of goods offered by general purpose supermarkets. Where colonial goods shops survived, they were regarded as old fashioned, and tended to be known in Germany and Switzerland as Aunt Emma Shops. In Austria the etymologically convoluted term Greißler is used. In Germany the earlier term is still used in Bremen by the William Holtorf Colonial Goods Shop, founded in 1874, which claims to be Germany’s last Colonial Goods shop.^[4]

The term “Colonial goods” is frequently encountered by those who study nineteenth and twentieth century texts, especially in the German language, and it is also incorporated into the long-form name of Germany’s largest (in 2014) supermarket group, Edeka (Einkaufsgenossenschaft der Kolonialwarenhändler im Halleschen Torbezirk zu Berlin). In Denmark and Norway, the term is still commonly used by supermarkets.^[5][6]

References