Colobocentrotus atratus

Colobocentrotus atratus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Order: Echinoida
Family: Echinometridae
Genus: Colobocentrotus
Species: C. atratus
Binomial name
Colobocentrotus atratus
Synonyms
Test MHNT

Colobocentrotus atratus, the helmet urchin or shingle urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinometridae.[1] In Hawaii it is known as "kaupali" which translates as "cliff-clinging". It is found on wave-swept intertidal shores in the Indo-West Pacific, particularly on the shores of Hawaii.

Description

This urchin is a deep maroon colour and shaped like a domed limpet. It can grow to the size of a softball, but is usually much smaller. The upper surface is a mosaic of tiny polygonal plates formed from modified spines to form a smooth mosaic. This is fringed by a ring of large, flattened modified spines. On the underside there is another ring of smaller flattened spines and a large number of tube feet.[2]

Biology

This urchin is usually found on substrates fully exposed to waves and their associated abrasive effect, often in groups. It feeds on periwinkles, other urchins and coralline algae.

In a test comparing shingle urchins to other species of urchin, it was found that their ability to withstand being washed away by moving water excelled. A combination of their shape, their flattened spines and particularly the strong adhesion of their tube feet made them three times as resistant as other species such as Echinometra. This enables them to live on inhospitable wave-battered shorelines.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Colobocentrotus atractus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
  2. ↑ Cook Islands Biodiversity
  3. ↑ The Echinoblog
  • Denny, M; Gaylord, B (1996). "Why the urchin lost its spines: Hydrodynamic forces and survivorship in three echinoids". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 199 (Pt 3): 717–29. PMID 9318472.
  • Santos, Romana; Flammang, Patrick (2008). "Estimation of the attachment strength of the shingle sea urchin, Colobocentrotus atratus, and comparison with three sympatric echinoids". Marine Biology. 154: 37–49. doi:10.1007/s00227-007-0895-6.
  • Photographs of a variety of shingle urchines on MarinelifePhotography.com
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