Closer (Joy Division album)

Closer
Studio album by Joy Division
Released 18 July 1980
Recorded March 1980
Studio Britannia Row Studios, Islington
Genre
Length 44:16
Label Factory
Producer Martin Hannett
Joy Division chronology
Unknown Pleasures
(1979)		 Closer
(1980)		 Still
(1981)

Closer is the second and final studio album by English rock band Joy Division, released on 18 July 1980 by Factory Records.[1] Produced by Martin Hannett, it was the band's first album following the suicide of lead singer Ian Curtis in May 1980.

Following the posthumous release of the non-album single "Love Will Tear Us Apart" in June 1980, the remaining members re-formed as New Order. Today, Closer is widely recognised as one of the major releases of the post-punk era.[2]

Writing and recording

The songs on Closer were drawn from two distinct periods. The earlier guitar-driven compositions were written during the latter half of 1979: "Atrocity Exhibition", "Passover", "Colony", "A Means to an End" and "24 Hours". All were played live during that year, with some being recorded for various radio sessions. The album's other songs were written in early 1980, and included more prominent use of synthesisers: "Isolation", "Heart and Soul", "The Eternal" and "Decades".[3] Most songs were written or structured during jam sessions in the band's practice room.[4]

"While we were working on Closer, Ian said to me that doing this album felt very strange, because he felt that all his words were writing themselves. He also said that he had this terrible claustrophobic feeling that he was in a whirlpool and being pulled down, drowning."

Bernard Sumner, recollecting on Ian Curtis's mindset during the recording sessions for Closer. October 2007.[5]

Regarding the album's lyrical content, Bernard Sumner recollected: "We'd go to rehearsals and sit around and talk about really banal things. We'd do that until we couldn't talk about banal things any more, then we'd pick up our instruments and record into a little cassette player. We didn't talk about the music or the lyrics very much. We never analysed it."[6]

Closer was recorded between 18–30 March 1980 at Britannia Row Studios in Islington, London.[1] It was produced by Martin Hannett. His production has been highly praised, with Pitchfork describing it as "sepulchral."[7] However, as with their debut album, both Hook and Sumner were unhappy with Hannett's work. Peter Hook later complained that the track "Atrocity Exhibition" was mixed on one of his days off, and when he heard the final product was disappointed that the abrasiveness of his guitar part had been laden with effects and toned down. He wrote; "I was like, head in hands, oh fucking hell, it's happening again. Unknown Pleasures number two ... Martin [Hannett] had melted the guitar with his Marshall Time Waster. Made it sound like somebody strangling a cat, and to my mind, absolutely killed the song. I was so annoyed with him and went in and gave him a piece of my mind but he just turned around and told me to fuck off."[8]

The 1970 collection of "condensed novels" The Atrocity Exhibition by J. G. Ballard was an influence on the album, and shares its title with the opening track.[9]

Release

The album cover was designed by Martyn Atkins and Peter Saville, with a photograph of the Appiani family tomb in Genoa's Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno adorning much of the sleeve.[10] The image itself was taken by Bernard Pierre Wolff in 1978. In a 2007 documentary on the band, designer Peter Saville commented that he, upon learning of singer Ian Curtis's suicide, expressed immediate concern over the album's design as it depicted a funeral theme, remarking "we've got a tomb on the cover of the album!"[n 1]

Closer was released on 18 July 1980 by Factory Records, as a 12" vinyl LP. The album reached No. 6 on the UK Albums Chart.[12] It also peaked at No. 3 in New Zealand in September 1981.[13] Closer was also named NME Album of the Year.[14][15] The album, along with Unknown Pleasures and Still, was remastered and re-released in 2007.[1] As with Unknown Pleasures and Still, the remaster was packaged with a bonus live disc, recorded at the University of London Union.[1]

Factory boss Tony Wilson was pleased with the final album and predicted it would be a commercial success. Sumner recalled him saying at the time, "You know Bernard, this time next year you'll be lounging by a swimming pool in LA with a cocktail in your hand." Sumner was less optimistic and "just thought it was the most utterly ridiculous thing anyone had ever said to me."[6]

Reception

Professional ratings
Retrospective reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[16]
Christgau's Record GuideA−[17]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[18]
NME10/10[19]
Pitchfork10/10[7]
Q[20]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[21]
Select5/5[22]
Spin Alternative Record Guide10/10[23]
Uncut[24]

At the time of release, Sounds critic Dave McCullough wrote that there were "dark strokes of gothic rock" on Closer. He described the album as "breathtaking rock music, a peak of current peaks, a sharing of something that's in [...] others at this time, but at the same time defining those black notions and leaving them unmatched."[25] Writing for Smash Hits, Alastair Macaulay described the album as an "exercise in dark controlled passion" and wrote that its music "stands up on its own as the band's epitaph".[26] Writing for Melody Maker, Paolo Hewitt described the album as "probably some of the most irresistible dance music we'll hear this year [and] a far cry for sure from the almost suffocating claustrophobic world of the debut album," adding that "the best (and most subversive?) rock music has always dealt head-on with emotions and thought rather than cliched, standardised stances; that's what makes Closer and Joy Division so important."[27]

The Appiani family tomb, as seen in the Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno, Italy. Sculpted by Demetrio Paernio in 1910. A photograph of this tomb adorns the cover of Closer[10]

At the end of 1980, Closer was voted the 22nd best record of the year in the Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics published by The Village Voice.[28] Robert Christgau, the poll's supervisor, deemed the album an improvement over Unknown Pleasures in a retrospective review: "Curtis's torment is less oppressive here because it's less dominant—the dark, roiling, off-center rhythms have a life of their own. And if last time the dancier material had hooks, this time even the dirges have something closely resembling tunes.[17] Rolling Stone's Mikal Gilmore, in a 1981 profile of the band's work, wrote: "The music turns leaden, gray and steady because it means to fulfill a vision of a world where suffering is unremitting and nothingness is quiescent."[29] 2005 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die defines Closer a "quantum leap" in terms of progression when compared to the band's debut album.[11] According to Colin Larkin, Closer has since been "deservedly regarded by many critics as the most brilliant rock album of the 80s"; Larkin himself found the record flawless, writing in his Encyclopedia of Popular Music (2011) that it showed Joy Division at their creative peak and "maturity in every area" of their music.[18] In his review of the 2007 reissue of the album, Pitchfork critic Joshua Klein described the album as "even more austere, more claustrophobic, more inventive, more beautiful and more haunting than its predecessor", calling it "Joy Division's start-to-finish masterpiece; a flawless encapsulation of everything the group sought to achieve."[7]

Legacy

The album has been highly acclaimed, and is often cited as Joy Division's finest work. Fact's Mark Fisher wrote that the album is "often considered the crown jewel of post-punk."[30] Rapper Danny Brown named his fourth album after the song "Atrocity Exhibition".[31][32] In 1984, singer George Michael praised the album upon a music discussion programme.[33] In 1995, Closer was ranked one of the top alternative albums ever to be released by Spin magazine, at No. 69.[34][35] In 2002 Pitchfork listed it as the 10th best album of the 1980s.[36][35] In 2003, the album placed at No. 157 on Rolling Stone's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[37][35] In 2006, it placed 72nd on NME's list of the 100 greatest British albums ever[35] and Q magazine placed it at No. 8 in its list of the 40 best albums of the 1980s.[38][35] In 2012, Slant Magazine listed the album at No. 7 on its list of the best albums of the 1980s.[39][35] Sonic Seducer listed it at No. 2 in their list "10 Key Albums for the Gothic Scene".[40]

Posthumously, the band released "Closer", which had already been recorded and featured an even darker, doomed Curtis and a total abandonment of the punk aesthetic for a more unearthly, primeval sound. By 1982, the album had sold over 250,000 copies worldwide, with another posthumous single, "Love Will Tear Us Apart", having sold over 160,000 copies.[41]

Track listing

All songs written by Ian Curtis, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner.

Side A
No.TitleLength
1."Atrocity Exhibition"6:06
2."Isolation"2:53
3."Passover"4:46
4."Colony"3:55
5."A Means to an End"4:07
Side B
No.TitleLength
6."Heart and Soul"5:51
7."Twenty Four Hours"4:26
8."The Eternal"6:07
9."Decades"6:10
Total length:44:16

Note: the original vinyl disc only contained a small etching on the disk marking the A and B sides.

2007 CD remaster bonus disc (live at the University of London Union, 8 February 1980)
No.TitleLength
1."Dead Souls" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:59
2."Glass" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)3:42
3."A Means to an End" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:01
4."Twenty Four Hours" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:06
5."Passover" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:54
6."Insight" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:01
7."Colony" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:04
8."These Days" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:17
9."Love Will Tear Us Apart" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)3:14
10."Isolation" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)4:42
11."The Eternal" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)6:30
12."Digital" (recorded live at the University of London Union on 8 February 1980)3:14
Total length:51:44

Personnel

Joy Division

  • Ian Curtis – lead vocals, guitar (track 6),[42] melodica (track 9)
  • Bernard Sumner – guitar (all except track 1 and 6), bass guitar (track 1), synthesizers (tracks 2, 6, 8, and 9)
  • Peter Hook – bass guitar (all except track 1), guitar (track 1), six-string bass guitar (tracks 3, 6, and 8)
  • Stephen Morris – drums (all except 2 and 9), electronic drums (tracks 2, 4, 8, 9), percussion (all except 2)

Production

Notes

  1. ↑ The decision to have this photograph adorn the front cover of Closer had been agreed to by all four members of the band; the sleeve itself was designed prior to Curtis's suicide.[11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Joy Division - discography". Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  2. ↑ Fisher, Mark (29 August 2007). "Stealing Fire: The Pop Group's Y LP". Fact. Archived from the original on 18 March 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  3. ↑ Sumner, Bernard (2014). p. 128.
  4. ↑ Sumner, Bernard (2014). p. 78.
  5. ↑ "Dark star: The final days of Ian Curtis by His Joy Division Bandmates". The Independent. 6 October 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
  6. 1 2 Nicolson, Barry (2 August 2012). "Most Important Albums Of NME's Lifetime - Joy Division, Closer". NME. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 Klein, Joshua (29 October 2007). "Joy Division: Unknown Pleasures / Closer / Still". Pitchfork. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  8. ↑ Hook, Peter (2013). p. 42.
  9. ↑ "J. G. Ballard – Times Online". timesonline.co.uk. 5 January 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  10. 1 2 "Bernard Pierre Wolff: Genova, Italy, 1978: Il Staglieno". enkiri.com. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  11. 1 2 Dimery, Robert, ed. (2011) [2005]. 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. p. 462. ISBN 978-1-844-03714-8.
  12. ↑ "Closer | full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  13. ↑ "Charts.org.nz – Joy Division – Love Will Tear Us Apart"". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  14. ↑ Board, Patricia (2 December 2010). "NME's albums of the year, 1974-2011". NME. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  15. ↑ NME staff (10 October 2016). "1980 Best Albums And Tracks Of The Year". NME. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  16. ↑ Raggett, Ned. "Closer – Joy Division". AllMusic. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  17. 1 2 Christgau, Robert (1990). "Joy Division: Closer". Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s. Pantheon Books. p. 222. ISBN 0-679-73015-X. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  18. 1 2 Larkin, Colin (2011). "Joy Division". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. pp. 509–11. ISBN 0-857-12595-8.
  19. ↑ "Joy Division: Closer". NME: 36. 3 July 1993.
  20. ↑ Lynskey, Dorian (October 2007). "Joy Division: Closer". Q (255).
  21. ↑ Gross, Joe (2004). "Joy Division". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. pp. 442–43. ISBN 0-743-20169-8.
  22. ↑ Maconie, Stuart (September 1993). "That Was The Bleak That Was". Select (39): 95.
  23. ↑ Weisbard, Eric; Marks, Craig, eds. (1995). Spin Alternative Record Guide. Vintage Books. p. 203. ISBN 0-679-75574-8.
  24. ↑ Mueller, Andrew (9 October 2007). "Joy Division – Reissues". Uncut. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  25. ↑ McCullough, Dave (26 July 1980). "Closer to the Edge". Sounds. Young men in dark silhouettes, some darker than others, looking inwards, looking out, discovering the same horror and describing it with the same dark strokes of gothic rock.
  26. ↑ Macaulay, Alastair (24 July – 6 August 1980). "Albums". Smash Hits. p. 29.
  27. ↑ Hewitt, Paolo (26 July 1980). "Joy Division: Closer (Factory Records FACT XXV)". Melody Maker. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  28. ↑ "Pazz & Jop 1980: Critics Poll". The Village Voice. New York. 9 February 1981. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  29. ↑ Gilmore, Mikal (28 May 1981). "Joy Division: Closer". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  30. ↑ Fisher, Mark. "Stealing Fire: The Pop Group`S `Y` Lp: Fact Magazine". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 18 March 2008. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
  31. ↑ Kaye, Ben (18 July 2016). "Danny Brown has named his new album Atrocity Exhibition after the Joy Division song". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  32. ↑ Yoo, Noah (18 July 2016). "Danny Brown Announces New Album Title Atrocity Exhibition, named after a Joy Division song". Pitchfork. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  33. ↑ nme.com
  34. ↑ "100 Alternative Albums". Spin. Dec 1995. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Archived at Acclaimed Music. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  36. ↑ Carr, Eric (20 November 2002). "Staff Lists: Top 100 Albums of the 1980s". Pitchfork. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  37. ↑ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time. 157 | Joy Division - Closer". Rolling Stone. 2003. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  38. ↑ "80 best records of the 80's". Q. No. 241. August 2006. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  39. ↑ "Best Albums of the 1980s". Slant Magazine. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  40. ↑ Gnuch, Kym (2012). "10 Alben mit Schlüsselcharakter für die Gothic-Szene". Sonic Seducer (in German). Vol. Special edition no. 1. p. 67.
  41. ↑ http://dailybruin.com/2001/02/13/joy-divisions-ian-curtis-broug/
  42. ↑ Sumner, Bernard (2014). pp. 79-80.

Sources

  • Hook, Peter (2013) [2012]. Unknown Pleasures. Inside Joy Division. London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-471-12980-3. ISBN 1-47112980-2.
  • Mendelsohn, Jason; Klinger, Eric (8 July 2011). "Counterbalance No. 41: Joy Division's Closer". PopMatters. Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  • Ott, Chris (2004). Unknown Pleasures, (33⅓ series). New York City: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-441-13555-1. ISBN 1-44113555-3.
  • Sumner, Bernard (2014). Chapter and Verse - New Order, Joy Division and Me. London: Bantam Press. ISBN 978-1-448-17132-3. ISBN 1-44817132-6.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.