Chaudhry Abdul Majeed

Chaudhry Abdul Majeed
Born 1937
Lahore, British Punjab, British Indian Empire
Died Islamabad, Pakistan
Residence Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory
Nationality Pakistani
Alma mater
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
Fields Nuclear Chemistry
Institutions
Doctoral advisor Jozeph Jørgen
Other academic advisors Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry

Chaudhry Abdul Majeed (born:1937; Urdu: چودہری عبد لمجيد ) is a Pakistani nuclear chemist and a nuclear weapon and reactor expert. He is known as one of the pioneers of Pakistan's nuclear deterrent programme, and has worked closely with former PAEC Chairman Munir Ahmad Khan's plutonium reprocessing project. He rose to prominence when he was apprehended by Pakistan's intelligence agencies in a joint operation in late October 2001. Majeed was also one of the founding members of Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood's Ummah Tameer-e-Nau charity; an NGO which caused an international embarrassment for Pakistan.

Education

Majeed was educated in Lahore, Punjab, British Indian Empire. In 1955, he attended University of Engineering and Technology of Lahore, and took his double B.Sc. in Mathematics and Chemistry in 1959. The same year, he was admitted to the High-Tension Laboratory, a physics department for advanced courses in Nuclear sciences, at the Government College University, where he gained his M.Sc. in Nuclear Chemistry.

In 1964, Majeed went to Belgium on a scholarship awarded by the PAEC and attended Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, from which he received his D.Sc. in Nuclear Chemistry in 1968. He continued his academic research at the plutonium facility in Belgium in the late 1960s.[1] Majeed received training at the Tihange and Doel nuclear facilities.[1] As a senior scientist he had access to classified documentations on sensitive plutonium technology which is critical to develop a nuclear weapon.[1] Majeed also worked at the International Center for Theoretical Physics, invited by Abdus Salam, during the 1970s and early 1980s. At ICTP, Majeed taught advanced courses in chemistry and mathematics. At ICTP, he published numerous research papers in the field of Spectroscopy, neutron and particle detectors.[2]

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

Majeed returned to Pakistan in 1974 after India had conducted a surprise nuclear test, codenamed "Pokhran-I". At the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, he was assigned to the Nuclear Chemistry Division led by Iqbal Hussain Qureshi. In 1974, Majeed was a part of Munir Ahmad Khan's team that had supervised the criticality of second nuclear pile —PARR-II reactor.[3] After the construction of the third nuclear pile—PARR-III, also known as The New-Labs; Majeed was the first technical director, and was part of a team that supervised the reactor's criticality.[3] An expert plutonium technology, Majeed, as junior scientist, is known for his contribution in plutonium reprocessing plant and the plutonium nuclear fuel cycle technology.[3] Majeed was also a part of a team at the New Labs that had succeeded to attain the fresh supplies of weapon-grade plutonium isotopes, produced by the reactor.[3] In 1990, Majeed was promoted and was made Director-general of Nuclear Chemistry Division (NCD) by Munir Ahmad Khan.[3] Throughout the 1990s, Majeed was responsible for underground work of nuclear reactors Khushab-I and CHASNUPP-I commercial nuclear power plant.[4] There, he was the director of Radiation and Nuclear Safety Division and was omitted from the weapons development teams.

He published extensively in the 1980s and 1990s on nuclear detectors and the use of x-ray diffraction, fluorescence, and crystallography to study a wide variety of materials and elements, including stainless steel, uranium, plutonium, and thorium.[4] Due to his work for the State, he was conferred with Tamgha-e-Imtiaz which was awarded to him by Prime minister Nawaz Sharif in 1998.[4]

Events of 2001

American CIA intelligence officials said that the first interrogation of the two Pakistani scientists concluded that Mahmood and Majeed did not know enough to help build a nuclear weapon. "These two guys were nuclear scientists who didn't know how to build one themselves," the American official said. "If you had to have guys go bad, these are the guys you'd want. They didn't know much."[5]

Aftermath and legacy

The NGO scandal heavily disturbed his imaged and his private life also. Even though, he heavily cooperated with intelligence agencies in hoping of freedom and went back to PAEC; he was declined to give any partial freedom. He was harshly interrogated for a long time which also resulted in his death. Bashir Syed, former President of the Association of Pakistani Scientists and Engineers of North America (APSENA), said: "I know both of these persons and can tell you there is not an iota of truth that both these respected scientists and friends will do anything to harm the interest of their own country."[6]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bidwai, Praful (10 November 2001). "Nuclear chickens come home". The Hindu. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India: The Hindu. pp. 49/55. Retrieved 6 Mar 2010.
  2. ↑ Albright, David; Holly Higgins (April 2003). "A Bomb for Ummah: The Others" (PDF).
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Albright, David; Holly Higgins (30 August 2002). "Pakistani Nuclear Scientists: How Much Nuclear Assistance to Al Qaeda?". Institute for Science and International Security. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 6 Mar 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 Albright, David; Holly Higgins (30 August 2002). "Pakistani Nuclear Scientists:Who is Majeed". Institute for Science and International Security. Institute for Science and International Security. Retrieved 6 Mar 2010.
  5. ↑ Frantz, Douglas; Rohde, David (28 November 2001). "A Nation Challenged: Biological terror; 2 Pakistanis Linked to Papers on Anthrax Weapons". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  6. ↑ Adam, David (1 November 2001). "Atomic-bomb experts interrogated over Taliban links". Nature. 414 (3): 3. Bibcode:2001Natur.414....3A. doi:10.1038/35102221. PMID 11689900.

Further references

  • Rahghatta, Chidanand (2 November 2002), "U.S. Spooked by 'Spirited' Pakistani Atomic Scientist", Times of India
  • Latif, Asmir (24 October 2001), "Two Pakistani Atomic Scientists Arrested", Islam Online

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