Charitable activities of the Knights of Columbus

Year US dollars donated Volunteer hours donated
2017[1] $185,000,000+ 75,600,000+
2015[2] $175,000,000+ 73,500,000+
2012[3] $167,549,817 70,113,207
2011[3] $158,000,000 70,053,000
2010[3] $155,000,000 70,049,000
2009[3] $151,000,000 69,252,000
2008[3] $150,000,000 68,784,000
1982[4][nb 1] $41,700,000 10,400,000
1980[5] $32,000,000 9,000,000

The charitable activities of the Knights of Columbus include the money and time donated by the Order of the Knights of Columbus, state and local councils, and individual members, to charitable causes.

Charity is the foremost principle of the Knights of Columbus. According to one commentator, "there is hardly a corner of the Catholic world where the resources of this international force have not left an impression."[2] This has allowed the Knights and its high-ranking officers to "become powerful and influential in ways unimaginable in 1882 ... and no other lay group can match the Knights' ability to leave its mark on the church."[2]

In 2017, the order gave more than $185 million directly to charity and performed over 75.6 million man hours in volunteer service.[1] According to Independent Sector, this service has a value of more than $1.7 billion. The total charitable contributions from the decade ending December 31, 2015 rose to $15 billion. On average in 2015, each Knight of Columbus contributed 38 hours of community service.[6] Much of the financial effort went to initiatives of the Vatican and the US bishops.[2]

United in Charity, a general, unrestricted endowment fund, was introduced at the 2004 Supreme Council meeting to support and ensure the overall long-term charitable and philanthropic goals of the order. The fund is wholly managed, maintained, and operated by Knights of Columbus Charities, Inc., a 501(c)(8) charitable organization.[7] Before United in Charity was formed, all requests for funds were met with the general funds of the order or in combination with specific appeals.[8]

People in need

In 2017, local councils donated more than 105,000 winter coats for children.[1] This was up from 80,500 coats in 2012.[3] Also in 2017, Knights donated four million pounds of food, and $2 million towards feeding the hungry.[1]

More than $1.2 million was donated to Habitat for Humanity in 2013, in addition to 1.4 million volunteer hours.[3] The very first ever national blood drive was sponsored by the order in 1938.[3][9] In 2013, council blood drives attracted more than 423,000 donors.[3]

Early efforts

During the mid-1890s, the United States was in the middle of a serious economic depression. The order was thriving, however, and at the 1897 convention Supreme Knight John J. Phelan spoke of the need to assist fellow knights who were in distress. The Supreme Council then adopted charitable funds within local councils "for the purposes of retaining their worthy members in good standing who are in need and in distress [and] who are absent from home."[10]

During the early 20th century, local councils often functioned as social welfare agencies.[11] Local councils, acting alone and sometimes joining forces, established unemployment bureaus to find jobs for men and women, members and non-members alike.[12] They "were also dedicated to education, to relief for the poor and sick, and to a variety of charitable causes.[13]

Great Depression

Herbert Hoover appointed Supreme Knight Martin Carmody to the President's Organization for Unemployment Relief.

When Supreme Knight Martin Carmody assumed office in 1927, on the eve of the Great Depression in the United States, he urged knights to cherish the virtue of charity.[14] "The Holy Grail may be sought over land and sea in many climes without avail," Carmody said, "and may be found in the cup of cold water extended to the thirsty at our doorstep."[14]

When President Herbert Hoover established the President's Organization for Unemployment Relief in 1931, Carmody wrote to Hoover pledging the services of the Order.[15] Carmody had already encouraged the 2,600 councils to have "strong and active employment committees."[15] Some, such as the 20 councils in Saint Louis, joined together to establish full time employment agencies throughout the 1920s.[15]

The Order also established a Bureau of Employment at their headquarters in New Haven to coordinate efforts among councils.[15] Peter Collins, who ran the effort for returning servicemen after World War I, ran the new Bureau.[15] By the end of July 1931, a total a 43,128 unemployed people had been placed into jobs, in addition to those placements made by local councils who were working under the auspices of other organizations.[15] In less than two years, the Order would provide more than 100,000 jobs.[16] In October of that year, Hoover appointed Carmody to the Organization.[17]

Persons with disabilities

The Knights have a tradition of supporting those with physical and developmental disabilities. More than $382 million has been given over the past three decades to groups and programs that support the intellectually and physically disabled,[18] with $4.1 million donated in 2012 alone.[3] Former Supreme Chaplain Charles P. Greco is largely responsible for the Knights' interest in this area.[5]

One of the largest recipients of funds in this area is the Special Olympics.[3] In 2012, there were more than 107,000 Knights who donated 315,000 hours of service at nearly 20,000 Special Olympics events.[3] Individual councils donated $3.7 million to the Special Olympics in 2013.[3] The order's support for the Special Olympics goes back to the very first games in 1968.[3] In 2017, nearly $6 million was donated along with more than 350,000 volunteer hours from 76,000 knights to the Special Olympics and other programs for people with intellectual disabilities.[1]

In 2012, more than 5,000 wheelchairs were distributed in 10 countries in a partnership with the Global Wheelchair Mission.[3] In 2017, local councils donated 7,649 wheelchairs.[1]

Disaster relief

In 2017, more than $4.2 million was raised for disaster relief.[1] Giving to those in need of natural disasters dates back to the earliest days of the order. After a flood in Kansas in 1903, the order raised $5,000 to be distributed to parishes and local councils, and it collected over $100,000 after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.[19] In 1927, the order gave $50,000 for flood relief.[15]

The Knights of Columbus also gave significant charitable contributions to the people of Haiti in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake in January 2010. The order also donated 1,000 wheelchairs to the people of Haiti in partnership with the Global Wheelchair Mission.[20] Recognizing that the need was still great in Haiti some seven months after the disaster, the Knights of Columbus partnered with Project Medishare in August 2010 for an initiative entitled, "Healing Haiti's Children." The initiative, backed by a more than $2.5 million commitment from the Knights of Columbus provides free prosthetic limbs and a minimum of two years of rehab to every child who suffered an amputation from injuries sustained during the earthquake.[3][21] As of 2013, more than 800 children had already been aided by the program.[3]

After the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, a local council in Newtown, Connecticut, established a program asking people to pray a minimum of three Hail Marys for the victims and their families. Over 100,000 people pledged to say 3.25 million prayers.[3]

More than $500,000 was donated to Hurricane Sandy relief efforts, and $202,000 to victims of the April 2012 tornadoes in Oklahoma.[3] After West Fertilizer Company explosion in Texas, nearly a quarter of a million dollars were raised.[3] In total, more than $3.3 million were donated by individual councils for disaster relief in 2012.[3] In 2015, the order donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to vicitims of typhoons and other natural disasters.[2] A donation drive was undertaken following 2018's Hurricane Florence.[22]

Persecuted Christians

Between 2014 and 2018, the Knights gave more than $20 million to provide food, shelter, clothing, and medical care to persecuted Christians and other religious minorities in the Middle East.[1][23][24][2] The order has helped Christians return to their homes in the Nineveh Plains region of Iraq.[23] For those unable to return to their homes, the orderd is building McGivney House, an apartment building in Erbil, Iraq with 140 units for Syriac and Chaldean Christian families.[1] Special units in the building are designed for elderly residents who left without care during the conflict in Iraq with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[25] IN addition to giving residents a dignified place to live, the house has a chapel on site and is close to a new Catholic church.[25]

Archbishop Bashar Matti Warda said of the Knights' efforts:

After the Daesh (ISIS) invasion, more than 125,000 Christians and others fled Mosul and the Nineveh Plain [to Iraqi Kurdistan] — crying with no one to help, except for the Church. Neither the U.N. nor the Iraqi government was taking care of these displaced people. Then, the Knights came and worked closely with us to help ease the suffering of those displaced families — and not just Christians but Yazidis, everyone — by providing them with food, medicine, shelter.

The Knights said, “We are with you. We will stand with you. We’ll support you. We will be in this together.” That gave great hope to the Christian community. And that’s why today we have so many families returning to their liberated villages.[23]

At a Solidarity Dinner for the Washington-based group In Defense of Christians, Vice President Mike Pence singled out the order for their "extraordinary work caring for the persecuted around the world."[26] Between 2014 and 2017, the Knights of Columbus Christian Refugee Relief Fund gave over $17 million for humanitarian relief work in the area.[26] That includes $2 million to rebuild the primarily Christian town of Karamles in Iraq.[26]

At the end of 2017, the Knights and the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops recognized a "Week of Awareness" for persecuted Christians.[26] In 2018, a national awareness campaign was launched by the Knights to bring greater public awareness to the plight of Christians in the Middle East.[1] In 2017, the Knights praised the decision of the US government to provide direct US aid to persecuted Christians in the Middle East who were suffering at the hands of the Islamic State.[26] They also led the effort to get the United States Department of State to declare the atrocities a genocide.[27]

Global Catholic donations

In 1979, each Knight was assessed a 50 cent per capita tax to establish a $500,000 Luke E. Hart Memorial Fund for the "purposes of promoting increased devotion to Our Blessed Mother and for the preservation of the" Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in perpetuity.[28]

The multimillion-dollar Pacem in Terris Fund aids the Catholic Church's efforts for peace in the Middle East. A further $20 million went to church facilities and $7.4 million to Catholic schools from state and local councils.[3] The order has provided funding to restore Roman antiquities, and purchased and operates the Saint John Paul II National Shrine.[2]

Vatican and bishops

A photograph of the façade of St. Peter's Basilica.
The order funded the first renovation of the façade of St. Peter's Basilica in over 350 years.[29]

The Vicarius Christi Fund has an endowment of $20 million. Since its establishment in 1981, the fund has generated over $57 million for the Pope's personal charities.[30] The funds are invested in loans to churches.[31]

The Vox Clara Committee received $100,000 in support of its efforts to translate liturgical texts.[2] In 1965, the Knights donated the land on which the Paul VI Audience Hall was built to Pope Paul VI.[32]

The Knights give to individual churches and diocese, but is also a major donor to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.[2][28] They have spent more than $1.4 million between 2010 and 2014 to provide workshops for the bishops coordinated by the National Catholic Bioethics Center.[2] Since 1977, the order has provided funding to the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops.[28]

Vocations

In 2012, $1.8 million was given by state and local councils to seminaries, with an additional $5.9 million in direct assistance to seminarians.[3] In 2017, more than $3.8 million was given to 6,348 seminarians and postulants.[1] The order also has eleven separate funds totaling $18 million to assist men and women who are discerning religious vocations pay tuition and other expenses.[33]

Catholic education

The Catholic University of America

The Knights of Columbus presented a check to The Catholic University of America on the steps of the university's McMahon Hall in 1904 to establish a Chair of American History.

In the early years of the order, educational activities were limited to things like estalishing scholarships to local institutions, placing books in libraries, holding public lectures, and similar activities.[34] In 1904, in the first national response to a call from the American church, the order presented a check for over $50,000 to The Catholic University of America to establish a chair of American history to counter the somewhat anti-Catholic bias of history-writing at the time.[35][34][36] In the years following this initial gift, an additional $500,000 was raised to establish 50 scholarships at the university.[34] Originally there was to be one fellowship for every $10,000, with preference going to Knights or their families.[37]

By 1922, 146 K. of C. Fellowships had been awarded.[38] In later years the funds permitted far fewer fellowships, which, in the words of the university's centennial history in 1990 "have remained the most attractive fellowships under the control of the university despite drastic reductions in their number due to the effects of inflation upon university charges for tuition, board, and room."[39]

Post–World War I efforts

Following efforts to support servicemen during World War I, the order established an educational system for returning veterans.[40] It included evening schools, scholarships, and a correspondence school, all of which were free for men who fought in the war.[40] The system was run by Mark J. Sweany.[41] Within four years, over 200,000 men would take courses in one of the order's schools, 400 would receive college scholarships, and over 10,000 would take correspondence courses.[42]

Schools for veterans

Year Schools Students
1919–20[43] 45 31,163
1920-21[44] 87 79,843
1921-22[44] 75 67,196
1922-23[45]

In June 1919, the Knights established a school a school for servicemen at Camp Devens in Massachusetts.[40] By November, when the government took over and the Knights left military facilities, classes were being taught on 25 army camps and naval bases with 5,884 students.[46]

The brief experience showed both the need and the desire of servicemen to continue their education, however, and so the Knights became the first organization to establish free evening schools for able-bodied veterans.[43] Courses were taught in academic, commercial, trade, and technical topics to prepare the ex-servicemen for post-war employment.[43] The first such school opened in Boston, Massachusetts, on July 7, 1919.[43] By the end of the year, 31,163 students were taking courses in 45 schools around the country.[43] An insubstantial number of those students were not veterans, but instead paid tuition to attend.[43]

Council schools

Year Schools Students
1919–1920[44] 21 >7,000
1920–1921[44] 38 19,467
1921–1922[44] 31 22,735
1922–1923[45]

The Supreme Council established a committee of education on August 7, 1919, to administer a series of night schools run by councils, and appropriated $50,000 for administrative costs.[43] Occupational courses were offered to members and the general public for a fee.[43] Courses were taught not only to improve the students' career prospects, but also to promote patriotism in the hopes that the greater good of the community would also benefit from the knowledge being imparted.[47] Veterans were allowed to attend these schools at no cost.[44]

Scholarships

The Knights of Columbus was the first organization to provide college scholarships to veterans returning home from World War I.[45] The War Activities Committee first announced in August 1919 that 50 scholarships would be awarded, including tutition, fees, books, equipment, and room and board.[45] Originally intending to limit the number of scholarships to 100, the Committee instead decided to award a scholarship to every man who was accepted to one of several designated schools by September 30, 1919.[45] There were 2,291 applicants, and 1,002 were deemed eligible.[48] Of those, 440 were deemed eligible for entrance by the colleges and universities, and 403 scholarships were awarded.[48]

Correspondence courses

A correspondence school was established by the Knights in February 1922 to serve veterans in areas outside of cities.[49] By the end of that year, more than 10,000 students had enrolled from every state in the union.[42] The goal was to extend to veterans "in the smaller communities and in the rural districts of the advantages of free educational opportunities through correspondence courses."[49] Students were permitted to take one course at a time.[50]

The courses were established for the benefit of those men and women who had served in the militaries of the United States or her allies during World War I, but not civilians. [50] The order partnered with several universities to prepare the courses, and several provided materials at low or no cost.[50]

Students paid their own postage, and put down refundable deposits on some books, but there were no other costs for most courses.[50] When equipment was needed, students could either furnish their own or purchase it at "the lowest possible price" from the Knights' Educational Bureau.[42] Students could take up to one year to complete the courses.[42]

Modern efforts

The order funded a message from the Pope to the delegates of the 1979 National Catholic Education Association convention in which the pontiff stressed the importance of Catholic education.[28] The same year, the Supreme Board voted to fund the Conference's Advisory Committee on Public Policy and Catholic Schools.[28]

In 1979, the Supreme Board voted to fund the Conference's Advisory Committee on Public Policy and Catholic Schools.[28] In 1980, each member in the United States and Canada was assessed $1.00 to raise $1 million for the newly established Father Michael J. McGivney Memorial Fund for New Iniatives in Catholic Education.[51] The fund was designed to support the National Catholic Education Association's research efforts.[51] The association expressed their appreciation for this and other efforts to promote Catholic education by awarding the order the C. ALbert Koob Merit Award in 1981.[52]

Catholic communications

The Knights paid for the funeral of Pope Paul VI to be televised around the world.

Since the 1960s, the Knights' Satellite Uplink Program has provided funding to broadcast a number of papal events, including the annual Easter and Christmas Masses, as well as the World Day of Peace in Assisi, World Youth Days, the opening of the Holy Door at St. Peter's Basilica for the Millennial Jubilee, Pope John Paul II's visit to Nazareth, and several other events.[2][53][54] In missionary territories the order also pays for the satellite downlink.[2][53][54]

The Satellite Uplink project was originally planned to telecast three papal events each year. However, the program expanded when, upon the death of Pope Paul VI, Bishop Andrew-Maria Deskur, president of the Pontifical Commission for Social Communications, telegramed Supreme Knight Dechant asking if the order would pay to broadcast the funeral and following conclave and investiture of the next pope.[54] The same request was made shortly thereafter following the death of Pope John Paul I.[55] It is estimated that each telecast was seen by more than 800 million people.[55]

In recent years a contribution of $100,000 was made to support the Holy See's strategic communications office.[2] It also purchased "a mobile unit with recording and transmitting equipment to enable Vatican television to broadcast in high definition."[2]

Vatican Film Library and papal video coverage

In 1977, Deskur asked the order for funding for two additional projects, the Vatican Film Library and Radio Veritas, both of which were approved.[55] The film library was designed to collect all the known video footage of popes for use by journalists, scholars, and others.[55] This resulted in the creation of the Knights of Columbus Vatican Film Library at Saint Louis University.[55]

Following Pope John Paul II's trip to Mexico in 1978, the Knights produced an English-language video documenting the visit.[56] The following year the pontiff returned to Poland. Bishop Paul Marcinkus, President of the Institute for the Works of Religion, later told the order that raw footage of the trip existed, but there were no funds available to edit it into a usable format.[56] The Knights provided the money, and the videos were shown on Polish television and in movie theaters.[56] During his visit to the United States in October of the same year, the order once again provided funding to video record it at the request of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops.[56]

Vatican news

The order donated one of two new radio transmitters to the Vatican in 1966; the other was donated by Cardinal Francis Spellman.[32] In 1977, Bishop Andrew-Maria Deskur, president of the Pontifical Commission for Social Communications, requested funding for Radio Veritas, a program to broadcast religious programming to the one-quarter of the world's population living behind the Bamboo Curtain in atheistic communist countries.[55]

The Knights have continued to support the Vatican's news operation for decades.[2]

Catholic media

The Knights are major sponsors of the Eternal Word Television Network, the Association for Catholic Information, the Catholic News Agency, and Crux.[2] According to John L. Allen Jr., Crux's editor, while the Knights sponsor a major portion of their budget, the order has no control over content.[2]

Culture of Life

As part of their commitment to building a culture of life,[nb 2] the Knights consistently donate to pro-life causes, including millions annually to the recently established Ultrasound Initiative.[57]

Ultrasound exams, which are medically necessary throughout pregnancy for a variety of diagnostic reasons, use ultrasound waves to scan a woman's abdomen, creating a picture or "sonogram" of the baby in her uterus. Without K of C support, most pregnancy care centers would be unable to purchase the ultrasound machines, each usually costing tens of thousands of dollars.[58]

The Knights believe that, by paying for the machines in hospitals throughout the United States and Canada, women will be better able to visualize their unborn child, and less likely to go through with an abortion.[59] The order also supports women in crisis pregnancies with alternatives to abortion, including adoption.[60] As of August 2018, more than 950 ultrasound machines had been purchased, and they hoped to reach 1,000 by the end of the year.[1]

Military and veterans

Each year, the Knights bring veterans to Lourdes, France, as part of the International Military Pilgrimage to Our Lady’s Shrine.[1] In 2017, the order brought over 200 veterans through their Warriors to Lourdes program.[1]

As part of the order's efforts to support seminarians, they partner with the Archdiocese for the Military Services to educate priests who will serve as military chaplains.[1] The Knights have given over $2 million to the effort since its inception.[1]

Armed with the Faith

Since 2004, the Knights have produced Armed with the Faith, a "virtually indestructible, waterproof, flip-top prayer [book], designed for use in the most rugged conditions, including hard battle."[61] The books include prayers, information about the sacraments and holy days of obligation, and a primer on just war theory.[61] It also includes reference material on the Church's teachings on the works of mercy and virtues.[61] It closes with a number of classic hymns, a lost patron saints for the military, and the new Mass responses adopted in the United States in 2011.[61]

During World War II, Canadian Knights provided prayer books to soldiers.[62]

World War I

A Knights of Columbus poster from WWI

After the United States entered World War I, Supreme Knight James A. Flaherty proposed to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson that the Order establish soldiers' welfare centers in the U.S. and abroad. The organization already had experience, having provided similar services to troops encamped on the Mexican border during Pershing's expedition of 1916.[63] Staff and chaplains were sent to every Army camp and cantonment.[40]

With the slogan "Everyone Welcome, Everything Free," the "huts" became recreation/service centers for doughboys regardless of race or religion.[40][64] They were staffed by "secretaries," commonly referred to as "Caseys" (for K of C) who were generally men above the age of military service. The centers provided basic amenities not readily available, such as stationery, hot baths, and religious services.[65] One well-known "Casey" was major league baseball player Johnny Evers of ""Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance," who traveled to France as a member of the Knights of Columbus to organize baseball games for the troops.[66] A total of 260 buildings were erected and 1,134 secretaries, of which 1,075 were overseas, staffed them.[40] In Europe, headquarters were established in London and Paris.[40] The order continued this work until November 1919, at which point the effort was taken over by the federal government.[40]

To pay for these huts and their staff, the order instituted a per capita tax on the membership to raise $1 million.[40] Local councils undertook their own fundraising drives which resulted in an additional $14 million to support the effort.[40] In 1918, just before the war ended, the Knights and other organizations undertook another effort to raise funds to support the welfare of the men fighting abroad.[40] The amount apportioned to the order and the National Catholic War Council totaled $30 million which, when combined with earlier efforts, funded efforts to support troops both in the United States and overseas.[40] After the war, the Knights became involved in education, occupational training, and employment programs for the returning troops.[63][40]

World War II

Less than two weeks after the outbreak of World War II, on September 13, 1939, Canadian Supreme Director Claude Brown wired each Canadian state deputy to inform them of his plans to establish a welfare program comparable to the "huts" sponsored by the order during World War I.[67] The Canadian government accepted his proposal by the end of October, and formed a unified organization including the Knights, the YMCA, the Salvation Army, and the Canadian Legion.[67] Between December 1939 and April 1940, the Canadian Knights raised almost $230,000, "an extraordinary amount considering the fact that there were relatively few Knights in Canada."[67]

In large cities, recreation centers were established, and morale programs were run in a number of training camps.[62] Hostels were established for servicemen on furloughs first in Canada, then England, and eventually across Europe.[62] Sporting events were organized, musical and comedy shows were produced, and even academic courses and a library were provided.[62]

Recognizing the danger the volunteers who staffed these camps were undertaking, the Canadian government gave them a stipend equal to that of a captain in the Canadian Army and made them eligible for retirement and disability pay.[62] F. O'Neil, who ran the Knights' recreation center in Hong Kong, was captured by the Japanese and was made a prisoner of war.[62] Six volunteers, including Brown, died during the war.[62]

Canadian Knights, and not the government, provided supplies for Catholic chaplains.[62] Bishop Charles Leo Nelligan of the Military Ordinariate of Canada wrote that

In Canada the Knights of Columbus Canadian Army Huts stretch like a golden chain from coast to coast, connecting up all out military camps and a large number of our newly established training centers. In each and every one of them is to be found a genial and capable staff, always ready and anxious to serve the troops.[62]

Notes

  1. The totals for the previous 12 years were $238 million donated and 65 million hours of service.[4]
  2. For more on this see, for example, Pope John Paul II's Evangelium vitae where he discusses issues pertaining to the sanctity of human life, including murder, abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment, and more.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Roberts, Tom (May 15, 2017). "Knights of Columbus' Financial Forms Show Wealth, Influence". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 "Annual Report of the Supreme Knight" (PDF). Knights of Columbus. August 6, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  4. 1 2 Franklin, James L. (August 8, 1982). "At 100, the K of C and Americanism". The Boston Globe. p. 1.
  5. 1 2 Kauffman 1982, p. 429.
  6. "Knights of Columbus Sets Record for Charity in 2013". Knights of Columbus.
  7. "Knights of Columbus – Ultrasound Initiative – Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  8. "United in Charity". Knights of Columbus. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  9. Kauffman 1982, p. 349.
  10. Kauffman 1982, p. 127.
  11. Kauffman 1982, p. 166.
  12. Kauffman 1982, pp. 166–167.
  13. Kauffman 1982, p. 167.
  14. 1 2 Kauffman 1982, p. 319.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kauffman 1982, p. 320.
  16. "A Growing Legacy". Columbia. Vol. 92 no. 8. April 2012. p. 2.
  17. Kauffman 1982, p. 321.
  18. "Supreme Knight's Annual Report". Archived from the original on August 6, 2006. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  19. Kauffman 1982, p. 161.
  20. "Knights of Columbus wheelchair program to help Haitian quake victims". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved June 28, 2013.
  21. "'Healing Haiti's Children' Program sponsored by Knights of Columbus gets new prosthetics lab". Project Medishare. 2011. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
  22. "DISASTER VICTIMS NEED YOUR HELP". Knights of Columbus. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
  23. 1 2 3 "We Will Stand With You". Columbia. September 1, 2018. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
  24. "Knights of Columbus CEO Praises Plan for U.S. Aid to Persecuted Christians". America. October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  25. 1 2 "A home for Christians". Knights of Columbus. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 "Knights of Columbus CEO praises plan for U.S. aid to persecuted Christians". America. Catholic News Service. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
  27. "Knights of Columbus praise increased US aid for persecuted Iraqis". Catholic News Agency. 17 January 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kauffman 1982, p. 421.
  29. "The Knights of Columbus Celebrate 90 Years in Rome". Rome Reports. June 19, 2010. Archived from the original on June 22, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  30. "SUPREME KNIGHT PRESENTS POPE WITH PROCEEDS FROM K OF C'S VICARIUS CHRISTI FUND". Knights of Columbus. February 16, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
  31. Kauffman 1982, p. 425.
  32. 1 2 Kauffman 1982, p. 409.
  33. "Support of Vocations". February 7, 2007. Archived from the original on February 7, 2007. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  34. 1 2 3 Sweany 1923, p. 1.
  35. Pike, Robin (2008). "The Archives Recalls CUA's Relationship with the Knights of Columbus" (PDF). ACUA Newsletter. Vol. 3 no. 1. Washington: Catholic University of America. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  36. "The Knights and Catholic D.C." The Knights of Columbus. September 27, 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  37. Kauffman 1982, p. 151.
  38. Kauffman 1982, p. 152.
  39. Nuesse 1990, p. 161.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Sweany 1923, p. 3.
  41. Sweany 1923, cover.
  42. 1 2 3 4 Sweany 1923, p. 12.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sweany 1923, p. 4.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sweany 1923, p. 5.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 Sweany 1923, p. 6.
  46. Sweany 1923, pp. 3–4.
  47. Sweany 1923, pp. 4–5.
  48. 1 2 Sweany 1923, p. 7.
  49. 1 2 Sweany 1923, p. 8.
  50. 1 2 3 4 Sweany 1923, p. 9.
  51. 1 2 Kauffman 1982, pp. 421–422.
  52. Kauffman 1982, p. 422.
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  55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kauffman 1982, p. 419.
  56. 1 2 3 4 Kauffman 1982, p. 420.
  57. "Councils Provide Funds to Pregnancy Care Centers for New Medical Technology". Knights of Columbus. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
  58. "Building a Culture of Life". Knights of Columbus. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  59. "Culture of Life". www.kofc.org.
  60. "Building a Culture of Life". Knights of Columbus. August 1–3, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  61. 1 2 3 4 "New compact Catholic prayer books shipped to military chaplains". National Catholic Reporter. May 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kauffman 1982, p. 344.
  63. 1 2 Kauffman, Christopher J., "Knights of Columbus", The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia, (Anne Cipriano Venzon, ed.), Routledge, 2013 ISBN 9781135684532
  64. Scott 1919, pp. 407–408.
  65. Appel, Allan (April 20, 2017). "A Trenchant World War One Exhibit at K of C Museum". New Haven Independent. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  66. "Johnny Evers Meets An Old Friend In France". The Milwaukee Journal. August 30, 1918. p. 6. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
  67. 1 2 3 Kauffman 1982, p. 343.

Bibliography

  • Kauffman, Christopher J. (1982). Faith and Fraternalism: The History of the Knights of Columbus, 1882–1982. Harper and Row. ISBN 978-0-06-014940-6.
  • Sweany, Mark J. (1923). Educational Work of the Knights of Columbus. Bureau of Education Bulletin. 22. Washington: Government Printing Office. hdl:2346/60378.
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