Cellular V2X

The Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is an IEEE standard describing a technology to achieve the V2X requirements. C-V2X is an alternative to V2V communications[1].

History

Cellular V2X was developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)[1], to replace the US promoted Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and the Europe originated Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) As such standards are decisive steps towards the target autonomous driving[2] and clues to market influence, especially as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) plans to propose the compulsory introduction of Vehicle-to-everything technology off 2020 for all US vehicles.

Modes

The modes, Cellular V2X may be implemented, are:

Device-to-network i.e. Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) communication using the conventional cellular links to enable cloud services to be part of the end-to-end solution.

Device-to-device, which includes Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) [3], Vehicle-to road and infrastructure (V2I) [3] also including the use with toll systems and the direct communication and Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) – also without use of network involvement for scheduling – for the protection of the most vulnerable road users, the pedestrians[4].

Problems

All the communications systems based on wireless communication suffer from the drawbacks, inherent to |wireless communication, which are the limited capacities in various areas:

  • Limited data rates[6], considering, that just one autonomous car will use 4,000 GB of data per day.
  • The fact, that wireless communication is prone to external influences, which may be hostile[7]
  • In metropolitan areas, limits of data propagation due to surroundings such as buildings, tunnels[8] and also Doppler effects, causing propagation speed reduction by repetitive transmissions required.
  • The costs to provide a comprehensive appropriate network such as LTE or 5G are enormous [9].

Outlook

The solution to handle the flow of data is expected to come from artificial intelligence[10][11]. Doubts in artificial intelligence (AI) and decision making by AI exist[12].

See also

Literature

  • Pino Porciello. "Security für die Smart City". elektronik industrie (in German) (08/2018): 14–17.
  • Official website
  • Stan Dmitriev (November 28, 2017). "Autonomous cars will generate more than 300 TB of data per year".


References

  1. 1 2 "Cellular V2X as the Essential Enabler of Superior Global Connected Transportation Services". IEEE 5G Tech Focus. IEEE. 1 (2). June 2017.
  2. ↑ Mark Patrick, Benjamin Kirchbeck (January 27, 2018). "V2X-Kommunikation: LTE vs. DSRC" (in German).
  3. 1 2 "Autonomous and connected vehicles: navigating the legal issues" (PDF).
  4. ↑ JJ Anaya, P Merdrignac, O Shagdar (17 July 2014). "Vehicle to pedestrian communications for protection of vulnerable road users". doi:10.1109/IVS.2014.6856553
  5. ↑ Hong-Chuan Yang, Mohamed-Slim Alouini (24 May 2018). "Wireless Transmission of Big Data: Data-Oriented Performance Limits and Their Applications" (PDF).
  6. ↑ Patrick Nelson (December 7, 2016). "Just one autonomous car will use 4,000 GB of data per day". Network World.
  7. ↑ Gil Press. "6 Ways To Make Smart Cities Future-Proof Cybersecurity Cities".
  8. ↑ "Tall structures and their impact on broadcast and other wireless services" (PDF).
  9. ↑ "5G-Netzausbau wird "unfassbar teuer"" (in German).
  10. ↑ Suhasini Gadam. "Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Vehicles".
  11. ↑ "Neuromorphic computing meets the automotive world". Design&Test. October 30, 2017.
  12. ↑ "How will AI, Machine Learning and advanced algorithms impact our lives, our jobs and the economy?". Harvard Business.
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