Castilla elastica

Castilla elastica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Rosids
Order:Rosales
Family:Moraceae
Genus:Castilla
Species: C. elastica
Binomial name
Castilla elastica
Cerv.
Synonyms
  • Castilla elastica var. liga J.Poiss.
  • Castilla guatemalensis Pittier
  • Castilla gummifera (Bertol.) Standl.
  • Castilla lactiflua O.F.Cook
  • Castilla markhamiana Markham
  • Castilla nicoyensis O.F.Cook
  • Ficus gummifera Bertol.
  • Urostigma gummiferum Miq. [1]

Castilla elastica, the Panama rubber tree, is a tree native to the tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.[2] It was the principal source of latex among the Mesoamerican peoples in pre-Columbian times. The latex gathered from Castilla elastica was converted into usable rubber by mixing the latex with the juice of the morning glory species Ipomoea alba which, conveniently, is typically found in the wild as a vine climbing Castilla elastica. The rubber produced by this method found several uses, including most notably, the manufacture of balls for the Mesoamerican ballgame ōllamaliztli.

The Aztec (Nahuatl) word for rubber was ulli / olli, from which their word for the ballgame derived ), and also their name for the ancient people they associated with the origin of the ballgame, the Olmecs (olmeca: "rubber people"). The Nahuatl word for the tree of Castilla elastica is olicuáhuitl;[3] in Spanish it is known as palo de hule.

Subspecies

  • Castilla elastica ssp. costaricana (Liebm.) C.C.Berg
  • Castilla elastica ssp. elastica

Vernacular names

Caucho, castilloa rubber.

See also

  • Guayule - another source of latex utilized by the pre-Columbian Mesoamericans
  • Para rubber tree - the main source of modern commercial natural latex

References

  1. ↑ http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2704813
  2. ↑ "Castilla elastica". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  3. ↑ "Castilla elastica" (PDF). Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad.

  • Wimmer, Alexis (2006). "Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique" (online version). (in French) (in Nahuatl)
  • Zidar, Charles (2006). "Ancient Maya Botanical Research" (online database). Foundations for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
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