Cardamine

Cardamine
Cardamine oligosperma
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Cardamine

Cardamine (bittercress or bitter-cress) is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of annuals and perennials. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitats, except the Antarctic. Genus Dentaria is a synonym for Cardamine.

The leaves can have different forms, going from minute to medium-sized. They can be simple, pinnate or bipinnate. They are basal and cauline (growing on the upper part of the stem), with narrow tips. They are rosulate (forming a rosette). The blade margins can be entire, serrate or dentate. The stem internodes lack firmness.

The nearly radially symmetrical flowers grow in a racemose many-flowered inflorescence or in corymbs. The white, pink or purple flowers are minute to medium-sized. The petals are longer than the sepals. The fertile flowers are hermaphroditic.

Some plants were reputed to have medicinal qualities (treatment of heart or stomach ailments).

The name cardamine is derived from the Greek kardamon, cardamom - an unrelated plant in the ginger family, used as a pungent spice in cooking.

Cardamine concatenata (Cutleaf Toothwort)
Cardamine pattersonii (Saddle Mountain bittercress)

Food source

Cardamine pratensis from Thomé: Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885

This plant is also used as one of the main food sources for the butterfly Pieris oleracea. [1]

Cardamine nuttallii (Nuttall's toothwort)

Species

  • Cardamine africana
  • Cardamine amara – large bittercress
  • Cardamine amporitana
  • Cardamine angulata – seaside bittercress, angled bittercress
  • Cardamine angustata – slender toothwort
  • Cardamine × anomala - anomalous bittercress
  • Cardamine bellidifolia – alpine bittercress, alpine cress
  • Cardamine bilobata
  • Cardamine breweri – Brewer's bittercress
  • Cardamine bulbifera – coralroot
  • Cardamine bulbosa – bulbous bittercress, spring cress
  • Cardamine caldeirarum – Azorean bittercress
  • Cardamine californica – milkmaids
  • Cardamine changbaiana
  • Cardamine chenopodiifolia
  • Cardamine clematitis – small mountain bittercress
  • Cardamine concatenata – cutleaf toothwort, cut-leaved toothwort
  • Cardamine constancei – Constance's bittercress
  • Cardamine cordifolia – heartleaf bittercress, heartleaved bittercress, large Mountain bittercress
  • Cardamine corymbosa – New Zealand bittercress
  • Cardamine debilis – roadside bittercress
  • Cardamine dentata
  • Cardamine digitata – Richardson's bittercress
  • Cardamine diphylla – crinkleroot, twin-leaved toothwort
  • Cardamine dissecta – forkleaf toothwort
  • Cardamine douglassii – limestone bittercress
  • Cardamine enneaphyllos – drooping bittercress
  • Cardamine fargesiana
  • Cardamine flagellifera – Blue Ridge bittercress
  • Cardamine flexuosa – woodland bittercress, wavy bittercress
  • Cardamine gambellii
  • Cardamine glacialis
  • Cardamine gouldii [2]
  • Cardamine gunnii
  • Cardamine gunnii-lilacina
  • Cardamine heptaphylla - Pinnate coralroot
  • Cardamine hirsuta – hairy bittercress
  • Cardamine impatiens – narrowleaf bittercress, Narrow-leaved bittercress
  • Cardamine × incisa - incised bittercress
  • Cardamine jamesonii
  • Cardamine keysseri
  • Cardamine kruesseli – Juan Fernández Islands bittercress
  • Cardamine laciniata
  • Cardamine leucantha – Korean bittercress[3]
  • Cardamine lihengiana
  • Cardamine lilacina
  • Cardamine lojanensis
  • Cardamine longii – Long's bittercress
  • Cardamine lyrata
  • Cardamine macrocarpa – largeseed bittercress
  • Cardamine maritima
  • Cardamine matthiola
  • Cardamine maxima – large toothwort
  • Cardamine micranthera – small-anthered bittercress, streambank bittercress
  • Cardamine microphylla – small-leaf bittercress
  • Cardamine montelucii
  • Cardamine nuttallii – Nuttall's toothwort
  • Cardamine nymanii – lady's smock
  • Cardamine obliqua
  • Cardamine occidentalis – big western bittercress
  • Cardamine oligosperma – Idaho bittercress, little western bittercress, annual bittercress
  • Cardamine pachystigma – serpentine bittercress
  • Cardamine palustris
  • Cardamine parviflora – sand bittercress, small-flowered bittercress
  • Cardamine pattersonii – Saddle Mountain bittercress
  • Cardamine paucijuga
  • Cardamine penduliflora – Willamette Valley bittercress
  • Cardamine pensylvanica – Pennsylvania bittercress, Quaker bittercress
  • Cardamine pentaphyllos
  • Cardamine pratensis – cuckoo flower, lady's smock, meadow cress
  • Cardamine purpurascens
  • Cardamine purpurea – purple bittercress
  • Cardamine quinquefolia[4]
  • Cardamine raphanifolia - Greater cuckooflower
  • Cardamine regeliana – Japanese bittercress
  • Cardamine residifolia
  • Cardamine rotundifolia – American bittercress, American watercress, mountain watercress
  • Cardamine rupicola – cliff bittercress
  • Cardamine scutata
  • Cardamine seidlitziana
  • Cardamine tenera
  • Cardamine trichocarpa
  • Cardamine trifolia - Trefoil cress
  • Cardamine uliginosa

References

  1. ↑ https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=wright1431882480&disposition=inline. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz (2001). "Cardamine gouldii (Brassicaceae), a new species from Bhutan". Novon. 11 (3): 289–291. JSTOR 3393028.
  3. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 387. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  4. ↑ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/howtogrow/3298942/How-to-grow-Cardamine.html
  • Taxonomic Revision of Cardamine
  • Lihová, J.; Marhold, K. (2003). "Taxonomy and distribution of the Cardamine pratensis group (Brassicaceae) in Slovenia". Phyton (Horn). 43: 241–261.
  • Lihová, J.; Marhold, K. & Neuffer, B. (2000). "Taxonomy of Cardamine amara in the Iberian Peninsula". Taxon. 49 (4): 747–763. doi:10.2307/1223975. JSTOR 1223975.
  • Media related to Cardamine at Wikimedia Commons
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